12,058 research outputs found
Mobility of Edge Dislocations in the BasalâSlip System of Zinc
This paper presents the results of measurements of the velocities of ă1210ă (0001) edge dislocations in zinc as a function of applied shear stress. All tests were conducted at room temperature on 99.999% pure zinc monocrystals. Dislocations were revealed by means of the BergâBarrett xâray technique. Stress pulses of microsecond duration were applied to the test specimens by means of a torsion testing machine. Applied resolved shear stresses ranged from 0 to 17.2Ă10^6 dynâcm^2 and measured dislocation velocities ranged from 40â700 cmâsec. The results of this study indicate that the velocity of edge dislocations in the basal slip system of zinc is linearly proportional to the applied resolved shear stress. These results are analyzed in terms of the phonon drag theory. Agreement between this theory and the results reported here is quite good
Hot forming of silicon sheet, silicon sheet growth development for the large area silicon sheet task of the low cost silicon solar array project
The hot workability of polycrystalline silicon was studied. Uniaxail stress-strain curves are given for strain rates in the range of .0001 to .1/sec and temperatures from 1100 to 1380 C. At the highest strain rates at 1380 C axial strains in excess of 20% were easily obtainable without cracking. After deformations of 36%, recrystallization was completed within 0.1 hr at 1380 C. When the recrystallization was complete, there was still a small volume fraction of unrecyrstallized material which appeared very stable and may degrade the electronic properties of the bulk materials. Texture measurements showed that the as-produced vapor deposited polycrystalline rods have a 110 fiber texture with the 110 direction parallel to the growth direction and no preferred orientation about this axis. Upon axial compression perpendicular to the growth direction, the former 110 fiber axis changed to 111 and the compression axis became 110 . Recrystallization changed the texture to 110 along the former fiber axis and to 100 along the compression axis
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF FUTURES PRICES, CASH PRICES AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS IN ACREAGE RESPONSE
An integrated investigation of futures price, cash price, and government programs is presented in the context of an econometric model of acreage supply response for U.S. corn and soybeans. The analysis refines the role of different sources of price information in the farmers' acreage decision. It is found that the government corn support price program plays a major role in corn and soybean production decisions. Also, the results indicate that futures prices are not good proxies for expected future cash prices in the presence of government programs. This raises questions about the information efficiency of futures prices when government intervenes in the market place.Crop Production/Industries,
Entanglement distribution by an arbitrarily inept delivery service
We consider the scenario where a company C manufactures in bulk pure
entangled pairs of particles, each pair intended for a distinct pair of distant
customers. Unfortunately, its delivery service is inept - the probability that
any given customer pair receives its intended particles is S, and the customers
cannot detect whether an error has occurred. Remarkably, no matter how small S
is, it is still possible for C to distribute entanglement by starting with
non-maximally entangled pairs. We determine the maximum entanglement
distributable for a given S, and also determine the ability of the parties to
perform nonlocal tasks with the qubits they receive.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. v2 includes minor change
Overcoming cognitive set bias requires more than seeing an alternative strategy
Determining when to switch from one strategy to another is at the heart of adaptive decision-making. Previous research shows that humans exhibit a âcognitive setâ bias, which occurs when a familiar strategy occludesâeven much betterâalternatives. Here we examined the mechanisms underlying cognitive set by investigating whether better solutions are visually overlooked, or fixated on but disregarded. We analyzed gaze data from 67 American undergraduates (91% female) while they completed the learned strategy-direct strategy (LS-DS) task, which measures their ability to switch from a learned strategy (LS) to a more efficient direct strategy (DS or shortcut). We found that, in the first trial block, participants fixated on the location of the shortcut more when it was available but most (89.6%) did not adopt it. Next, participants watched a video demonstrating either the DS (Nâ=â34 Informed participants) or the familiar LS (Nâ=â33 Controls). In post-video trials, Informed participants used the DS more than pre-video trials and compared to Controls. Notably, 29.4% of Informed participants continued to use the LS despite watching the DS video. We suggest that cognitive set in the LS-DS task does not stem from an inability to see the shortcut but rather a failure to try it
Universal Model of Finite-Reynolds Number Turbulent Flow in Channels and Pipes
In this Letter we suggest a simple and physically transparent analytical
model of the pressure driven turbulent wall-bounded flows at high but finite
Reynolds numbers Re. The model gives accurate qualitative description of the
profiles of the mean-velocity and Reynolds-stresses (second order correlations
of velocity fluctuations) throughout the entire channel or pipe in the wide
range of Re, using only three Re-independent parameters. The model sheds light
on the long-standing controversy between supporters of the century-old log-law
theory of von-K\`arm\`an and Prandtl and proposers of a newer theory promoting
power laws to describe the intermediate region of the mean velocity profile.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figs, re-submitted PRL according to referees comment
The general form of supersymmetric solutions of N=(1,0) U(1) and SU(2) gauged supergravities in six dimensions
We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a supersymmetric field
configuration in the N=(1,0) U(1) or SU(2) gauged supergravities in six
dimensions, and impose the field equations on this general ansatz. It is found
that any supersymmetric solution is associated to an structure. The structure is characterized by a null Killing
vector which induces a natural 2+4 split of the six dimensional spacetime. A
suitable combination of the field equations implies that the scalar curvature
of the four dimensional Riemannian part, referred to as the base, obeys a
second order differential equation. Bosonic fluxes introduce torsion terms that
deform the structure away from a covariantly
constant one. The most general structure can be classified in terms of its
intrinsic torsion. For a large class of solutions the gauge field strengths
admit a simple geometrical interpretation: in the U(1) theory the base is
K\"{a}hler, and the gauge field strength is the Ricci form; in the SU(2)
theory, the gauge field strengths are identified with the curvatures of the
left hand spin bundle of the base. We employ our general ansatz to construct
new supersymmetric solutions; we show that the U(1) theory admits a symmetric
Cahen-Wallach solution together with a compactifying pp-wave. The
SU(2) theory admits a black string, whose near horizon limit is . We also obtain the Yang-Mills analogue of the Salam-Sezgin solution of
the U(1) theory, namely , where the is supported by a
sphaleron. Finally we obtain the additional constraints implied by enhanced
supersymmetry, and discuss Penrose limits in the theories.Comment: 1+29 pages, late
Particle and particle pair dispersion in turbulence modeled with spatially and temporally correlated stochastic processes
In this paper we present a new model for modeling the diffusion and relative
dispersion of particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. We use an
Heisenberg-like Hamiltonian to incorporate spatial correlations between fluid
particles, which are modeled by stochastic processes correlated in time. We are
able to reproduce the ballistic regime in the mean squared displacement of
single particles and the transition to a normal diffusion regime for long
times. For the dispersion of particle pairs we find a -dependence of the
mean squared separation at short times and a -dependence for long ones. For
intermediate times indications for a Richardson law are observed in
certain situations. Finally the influence of inertia of real particles on the
dispersion is investigated.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
Machine for Producing Square Torsion Pulses of Microsecond Duration
A dynamic torsion testing machine has been built for the purpose of applying a known constant shear stress to a 12.7-mm-diam cylindrical test specimen for very short periods of time. The shear stress at the surface of the specimen rises from zero to any desired value in the range 0 to 3000 psi, within a period of 4 to 6 ÎŒsec. The time at constant stress varies linearly with axial position from the free end of the specimen ranging from 0 to about 500 ÎŒsec. The stress is removed within a period of 4 to 6 ÎŒsec and for short specimens it remains essentially zero thereafter. This machine has been developed for the measurement of dislocation velocities up to 25 m/sec in metal single crystals
Analytical Model of the Time Developing Turbulent Boundary Layer
We present an analytical model for the time-developing turbulent boundary
layer (TD-TBL) over a flat plate. The model provides explicit formulae for the
temporal behavior of the wall-shear stress and both the temporal and spatial
distributions of the mean streamwise velocity, the turbulence kinetic energy
and Reynolds shear stress. The resulting profiles are in good agreement with
the DNS results of spatially-developing turbulent boundary layers at momentum
thickness Reynolds number equal to 1430 and 2900. Our analytical model is, to
the best of our knowledge, the first of its kind for TD-TBL.Comment: 5pages, 9 figs, JETP Letters, submitte
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