44 research outputs found

    Realization of high T c

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    Fluctuation conductivity in superconductors in strong electric fields

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    We study the effect of a strong electric field on the fluctuation conductivity within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory for the case of arbitrary dimension. Our results are based on the analytical derivation of the velocity distribution law for the fluctuation Cooper pairs, from the Boltzmann equation. Special attention is drawn to the case of small nonlinearity of conductivity, which can be investigated experimentally. We obtain a general relation between the nonlinear conductivity and the temperature derivative of the linear Aslamazov-Larkin conductivity, applicable to any superconductor. For the important case of layered superconductors we derive an analogous relation between the small nonlinear correction for the conductivity and the fluctuational magnetoconductivity. On the basis of these relations we provide new experimental methods for determining both the lifetime constant of metastable Cooper pairs above T_c and the coherence length. A systematic investigation of the 3rd harmonic of the electric field generated by a harmonic current can serve as an alternative method for the examination of the metastable Cooper-pair relaxation time.Comment: 18 pages, REVTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev.

    Enhancing the sensitivity of magnetic sensors by 3D metamaterial shells

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    Magnetic sensors are key elements in our interconnected smart society. Their sensitivity becomes essential for many applications in fields such as biomedicine, computer memories, geophysics, or space exploration. Here we present a universal way of increasing the sensitivity of magnetic sensors by surrounding them with a spherical metamaterial shell with specially designed anisotropic magnetic properties. We analytically demonstrate that the magnetic field in the sensing area is enhanced by our metamaterial shell by a known factor that depends on the shell radii ratio. When the applied field is non-uniform, as for dipolar magnetic field sources, field gradient is increased as well. A proof-of-concept experimental realization confirms the theoretical predictions. The metamaterial shell is also shown to concentrate time-dependent magnetic fields upto frequencies of 100 kHz

    Le DEUG STPI à Caen : initialisation d'innovations pédagogiques

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    Le DEUG STPI à Caen : initialisation d'innovations pédagogiques

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    Le DEUG Sciences et Technologies pour l'Ingénieur (STPI) de l'Université de Caen a accueilli sa première promotion d'étudiants à la rentrée 2000. L'objet de cet article est de décrire quelques innovations pédagogiques proposées dans le document d'habilitation du diplôme et leur première mise en place. Les innovations portent sur des travaux pratiques, le travail sur le projet professionnel et l'introduction d'une unité d'histoire des sciences et des techniques

    Modélisation du SQUID rf en réflectométrie : impédance à la fréquence de pompe, influence du bruit de fond

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    Energy exchanges between a rf SQUID with a Dayem microbridge and the tank circuit coil are viewed in terms of an equivalent impedance placed in series with the coil. This allows to characterize the matched configurations which notably differ from the classical probe. In our case the tank circuit is pumped at 80 MHz by an incident voltage wave and the reflected wave is synchronously detected. The harmonic analysis at the pumping frequency fP of the classical probe is stated precisely ; the method is valid for a large hysteretic mode of the rf SQUID, a weak coupling factor k and a large quality factor Q. The deduced staircase pattern Vrf - I rf is found discontinuous and eventually multiple-valued. A time analysis of the classical probe is also presented which gives consistent results without any restrictions on the parameters k, Q, fP values. The previous methods are then used to analyse the ideal and noisy running of the matched probe ; ideal curves are mainly distorted by the intrinsic noise of the microbridge. The deduced intrinsic fluctuations correspond to a spectral density of 1.1 x 10-5 Φ0/√Hz while external noises sources give rise to the final flux sensibility of 10-4 Φ0/√Hz. Optimization work states that for the matched probe, a large choice of k, Q parameters is allowable without improvement nor decrease of the signal to noise ratio.Les échanges d'énergie d'un circuit bouchon et d'un SQUID rf sont considérés dans cet article en termes d'impédance équivalente placée en série avec la bobine d'injection. L'analyse harmonique à la fréquence de pompe f P de la sonde classique attaquée en courant est d'abord précisée ; cette méthode, valide pour un SQUID largement hystérétique et faiblement couplé (k ⪡ 1) à un circuit oscillant de coefficient de qualité Q ⪢ 1, donne une réponse en tension qui varie de façon discontinue et parfois multivaluée en fonction du niveau radiofréquence. La sonde classique est ensuite analysée directement dans le domaine temporel pour des SQUIDs suffisamment hystérétiques sans restrictions sur les valeurs des paramètres k, Q, fP. Les résultats précédents sont appliqués au cas de la réflectométrie (fP = 80 MHz ) en régime idéal puis bruyant ; nous montrons que le bruit intrinsèque du micropont est responsable de la déformation des caractéristiques idéales tandis que les fluctuations intrinsèques déduites de cette déformation conduisent à une densité spectrale de 1,1 x 10 -5 Φ0/√Hz et sont toujours dominées par les fluctuations induites par les sources externes. La sensibilité de notre système est de 10-4 Φ0/√Hz. Les études d'optimisation montrent que la sonde adaptée autorise une grande souplesse dans le choix de k et Q sans amélioration ni détérioration notables du rapport signal sur bruit
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