Nuevas tecnologías en la enseñanza de la ingeniería civil: BIM y realidad virtual

El presente artículo es el resultado de una búsqueda de los trabajos, investigaciones y aplicaciones de la realidad virtual y la metodología de trabajo BIM (Building Information Modeling) en la industria de la construcción, los centros de investigación y la academia, con el propósito sustentar la importancia y necesidad de su inclusión como parte fundamental dentro de los currículos y contenidos programáticos de la academia, en lo que corresponde a la enseñanza de la Ingeniería civil, como nuevas tecnologías para responder con innovación, creatividad y competitividad a las nuevas economías del conocimient

The Recent Star Formation in Sextans A

We investigate the relationship between the spatial distributions of stellar populations and of neutral and ionized gas in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A. This galaxy is currently experiencing a burst of localized star formation, the trigger of which is unknown. We have resolved various populations of stars via deep UBV(RI)_C imaging over an area with diameter ~5farcm3. We have compared our photometry with theoretical isochrones appropriate for Sextans A, in order to determine the ages of these populations. We have mapped out the history of star formation, most accurately for times ≾ 100 Myr. We find that star formation in Sextans A is correlated both in time and space, especially for the most recent (≾ 12 Myr) times. The youngest stars in the galaxy are forming primarily along the inner edge of the large H I shell. Somewhat older populations, ≾ 50 Myr, are found inward of the youngest stars. Progressively older star formation, from ~50–100 Myr, appears to have some spatially coherent structure and is more centrally concentrated. The oldest stars we can accurately sample appear to have approximately a uniform spatial distribution, which extends beyond a surface brightness of μ_B ≃ 25.9 mag arcsec^(-2) (or, a radius r ≃ 2farcm3). Although other processes are also possible, our data provide support for a mechanism of supernova-driven expansion of the neutral gas, resulting in cold-gas pileup and compression along the H I shell and sequential star formation in recent times

Heterogeneous Sensory Innervation and Extensive Intrabulbar Connections of Olfactory Necklace Glomeruli

The mammalian nose employs several olfactory subsystems to recognize and transduce diverse chemosensory stimuli. These subsystems differ in their anatomical position within the nasal cavity, their targets in the olfactory forebrain, and the transduction mechanisms they employ. Here we report that they can also differ in the strategies they use for stimulus coding. Necklace glomeruli are the sole main olfactory bulb (MOB) targets of an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) subpopulation distinguished by its expression of the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D and the phosphodiesterase PDE2, and by its chemosensitivity to the natriuretic peptides uroguanylin and guanylin and the gas CO2. In stark contrast to the homogeneous sensory innervation of canonical MOB glomeruli from OSNs expressing the same odorant receptor (OR), we find that each necklace glomerulus of the mouse receives heterogeneous innervation from at least two distinct sensory neuron populations: one expressing GC-D and PDE2, the other expressing olfactory marker protein. In the main olfactory system it is thought that odor identity is encoded by a combinatorial strategy and represented in the MOB by a pattern of glomerular activation. This combinatorial coding scheme requires functionally homogeneous sensory inputs to individual glomeruli by OSNs expressing the same OR and displaying uniform stimulus selectivity; thus, activity in each glomerulus reflects the stimulation of a single OSN type. The heterogeneous sensory innervation of individual necklace glomeruli by multiple, functionally distinct, OSN subtypes precludes a similar combinatorial coding strategy in this olfactory subsystem

Indentación esférica en asfaltos envejecidos

La deformación permanente es una de las fallas más frecuentes producidas en el pavimento asfaltico, principalmente en los carriles de tráfico pesado y de baja velocidad. La predicción de este tipo de defecto se dificulta por la alta complejidad del asfalto, debido a que es un material termoplástico que presenta un comportamiento viscoelástico lineal a baja cargas y viscoelástico no lineal a altas cargas. Su comportamiento también va variando por el envejecimiento oxidativo, producido por los efectos ambientales durante toda su vida útil, lo que hace más complicada su predicción. Los ensayos empleados para su análisis son altamente costosos y en muchas ocasiones necesitan un gran número de pruebas destructivas de laboratorio, los cuales a veces no logran reproducir las mismas condiciones ambientales y de soporte de las vías. En este trabajo se propone emplear el método de indentación esférica, para asfaltos envejecidos por el ensayo de agitación mecánica a altas revoluciones; estos son ensayos económicos que emplean equipos de fácil accesibilidad para cualquier laboratorio de pavimentos, como lo es el penetrómetro manual (previamente establecido para los cálculos de indentación esférica) y un agitador mecánico convencional de doble hélice (empleado en el proceso de envejecimiento oxidativo). Este método se utilizó en un asfalto convencional AC 60-70, envejecido en tiempos de 30 min, 1 hora, 1.5 horas, 2 horas, 2.5 horas y 3 horas, con el fin de determinar la variación de sus propiedades a medida que se incrementa el efecto del envejecimiento.Permanent deformation is one of the most frequent failures produced in the asphalt pavement, mainly in heavy and low-speed traffic lanes. Predicting this type of defect is made difficult by the high complexity of asphalt, since it is a thermoplastic material that exhibits linear viscoelastic behavior at low loads and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior at high loads. Its behavior also varies due to oxidative aging, produced by environmental effects throughout its useful life, which makes its prediction more complicated. The tests used for its analysis are highly expensive and often require a large number of destructive laboratory tests, which sometimes fail to reproduce the same environmental and support conditions of the tracks. In this work, it is proposed to use the spherical indentation method, for asphalts aged by the mechanical agitation test at high revolutions, which are economic tests that use easily accessible equipment for any pavement laboratory, such as the manual penetrometer (previously established for spherical indentation calculations) and a conventional double helix mechanical stirrer (used in the oxidative aging process). This method was used in a conventional asphalt AC 60-70, aged in times of 30 min, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours and 3 hours, in order to determine the variation of its properties as it increases. the effect of aging

Los últimos hornos morunos para yeso de Ciempozuelos, Madrid

Con motivo del proyecto de investigación de la Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Comunidad de Madrid (en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales): "Arqueología Industrial: Conservación del Patrimonio Minero-Metalúrgico madrileño (III)" hemos identificado decenas de hornos antiguos de yeso, en el Mioceno de la cuenca de Madrid, tal es el caso de Aranjuez, Brea deTajo, Ciempozuelos,Colmenar de Oreja, Chinchón, Nuevo Baztán, Pezuela de lasTorres,Tielmes,Valderacete,Valdemoro,Villar del Olmo.Villarejo de Salvanés, etc.También hemos encontrado algún vestigio en relación con los yesos cretáceos (hasta hace poco considerados de! Paleógeno) del sinclinal de Torrelaguna. Esto ha venido acompañado de entrevistas a antiguos productores, todos muy mayores, en Colmenar de Oreja, Pezuela de las Torres, Villarejo de Salvanés o, como es este caso, Ciempozuelos. Esto nos ha permitido recuperar una serie de datos que se perderán cuando ellos fallezcan, que por su edad no será dentro de mucho. Los procesos de industrialización del país, en los años del desarrollismo, hicieron que industrias minero-metalúrgicas artesanas, algunas funcionando desde épocas inmemorables, desaparecieran para dejar paso a procesos mecanizados modernos, donde se reducían tiempos y costes de producción, generando la falta de rentabilidad de fábricas históricas

El magnífico paisaje subterráneo de la mina Consuelo, Chinchón (Madrid): un paisaje cultural

La mina Consuelo, Chinchón, constituye uno de los más bonitos paisajes subterráneos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Su génesis es artificial, se debe al laboreo de minas, por tanto constituye un paisaje cultural (cultural landscape) según la definición UNESCO de 1992 (PUCHE RIART, 2004). En el marco del Proyecto de Investigación de la Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Comunidad de Madrid:"Arqueología Industrial: Conservación del Patrimonio Minero-Metalúrgico madrileño (III)" hemos querido incluir entre los bienes patrimoniales inventariados al paisaje minero de mina Consuelo, por su singularidad y espectacularidad. No sólo describimos aspectos estéticos, sino también la historia, técnicas productivas y demás valores patrimoniales que consideremos de interés

Analysis of performance parameters of the smash in male and female professional padel

The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and effectiveness of the different types of smash in professional padel according to the area and direction of the strokes and the gender. Through systematic observation, 1.015 smashes from eight finals (four men’s and four women’s) of the professional matches were analyzed. The smashes were categorized into four types of smash: tray, flat, topspin and off the wall. The results showed both men’s and women’s that the tray is the most used smash by padel players, presenting a percentage of point continuity of almost 90%. The flat and topspin smashes are the strokes that achieve the highest percentage of winning points (near 60%), although this efficiency decreases significantly when the players move away from the net area (p < 0.05), especially in the flat smash. Men perform a higher percentage of winning smashes than women, mainly in the flat smash (p = 0.02). Furthermore, with regards to direction, flat and off the wall smashes are predominantly down the line strokes and women perform significantly more cross court topspin smashes than men (p = 0.005). The results shown could be used to design tasks and exercises by padel coaches at professional players

Recent Star Formation in Sextans A

We investigate the relationship between the spatial distributions of stellar populations and of neutral and ionized gas in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A. This galaxy is currently experiencing a burst of localized star formation, the trigger of which is unknown. We have resolved various populations of stars via deep UBV(RI)_C imaging over an area with diameter \sim 5.'3. We have compared our photometry with theoretical isochrones appropriate for Sextans A, in order to determine the ages of these populations. We have mapped out the history of star formation, most accurately for times \lesssim 100 Myr. We find that star formation in Sextans A is correlated both in time and space, especially for the most recent (\lesssim 12 Myr) times. The youngest stars in the galaxy are forming primarily along the inner edge of the large H I shell. Somewhat older populations, \lesssim 50 Myr, are found inward of the youngest stars. Progressively older star formation, from \sim 50--100 Myr, appears to have some spatially coherent structure and is more centrally concentrated. The oldest stars we can accurately sample appear to have approximately a uniform spatial distribution, which extends beyond a surface brightness of \mu_B \simeq 25.9 mag arcsec^{-2} (or, a radius r \simeq 2.'3$). Although other processes are also possible, our data provides support for a mechanism of supernova-driven expansion of the neutral gas, resulting in cold gas pileup and compression along the H I shell and sequential star formation in recent times.Comment: 64 pages, 22 figures, to appear in A

The Recent Star Formation in Sextans A

We investigate the relationship between the spatial distributions of stellar populations and of neutral and ionized gas in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy Sextans A. This galaxy is currently experiencing a burst of localized star formation, the trigger of which is unknown. We have resolved various populations of stars via deep UBV(RI)_C imaging over an area with diameter ~5farcm3. We have compared our photometry with theoretical isochrones appropriate for Sextans A, in order to determine the ages of these populations. We have mapped out the history of star formation, most accurately for times ≾ 100 Myr. We find that star formation in Sextans A is correlated both in time and space, especially for the most recent (≾ 12 Myr) times. The youngest stars in the galaxy are forming primarily along the inner edge of the large H I shell. Somewhat older populations, ≾ 50 Myr, are found inward of the youngest stars. Progressively older star formation, from ~50–100 Myr, appears to have some spatially coherent structure and is more centrally concentrated. The oldest stars we can accurately sample appear to have approximately a uniform spatial distribution, which extends beyond a surface brightness of μ_B ≃ 25.9 mag arcsec^(-2) (or, a radius r ≃ 2farcm3). Although other processes are also possible, our data provide support for a mechanism of supernova-driven expansion of the neutral gas, resulting in cold-gas pileup and compression along the H I shell and sequential star formation in recent times

Multiple colonization and dispersal events hide the early origin and induce a lack of genetic structure of the moss Bryum argenteum in Antarctica.

The dispersal routes of taxa with transoceanic disjunctions remain poorly understood, with the potential roles of Antarctica not yet demonstrated. Mosses are suitable organisms to test direct intra‐Antarctic dispersal, as major component of the extant Antarctic flora, with the cosmopolitan moss Bryum argenteum as ideal target species. We analyzed the genetic structure of B. argenteum to provide an evolutionary time frame for its radiation and shed light into its historical biogeography in the Antarctic region. We tested two alternative scenarios: (a) intra‐Antarctic panmixia and (b) intra‐Antarctic genetic differentiation. Furthermore, we tested for evidence of the existence of specific intra‐Antarctic dispersal routes. Sixty‐seven new samples (40 collected in Antarctica) were sequenced for ITS nrDNA and rps4 cpDNA regions, and phylogenetic trees of B. argenteum were constructed, with a focus on its Southern Hemisphere. Combining our new nrDNA dataset with previously published datasets, we estimated time‐calibrated phylogenies based on two different substitution rates (derived from angiosperms and bryophytes) along with ancestral area estimations. Minimum spanning network and pairwise genetic distances were also calculated. B. argenteum was potentially distributed across Africa and Antarctica soon after its origin. Its earliest intra‐Antarctic dispersal and diversification occurred during a warming period in the Pliocene. On the same timescale, a radiation took place involving a dispersal event from Antarctica to the sub‐Antarctic islands. A more recent event of dispersal and diversification within Antarctica occurred during a warm period in the Pleistocene, creating favorable conditions also for its colonization outside the Antarctic continent worldwide. We provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that contemporary populations of B. argenteum in Antarctica integrate a history of both multiple long‐range dispersal events and local persistence combined with in situ diversification. Our data support the hypothesis that B. argenteum has been characterized by strong connectivity within Antarctica, suggesting the existence of intra‐Antarctic dispersal routes