2,700 research outputs found
Splitting probabilities as a test of reaction coordinate choice in single-molecule experiments
To explain the observed dynamics in equilibrium single-molecule measurements
of biomolecules, the experimental observable is often chosen as a putative
reaction coordinate along which kinetic behavior is presumed to be governed by
diffusive dynamics. Here, we invoke the splitting probability as a test of the
suitability of such a proposed reaction coordinate. Comparison of the observed
splitting probability with that computed from the kinetic model provides a
simple test to reject poor reaction coordinates. We demonstrate this test for a
force spectroscopy measurement of a DNA hairpin
Freezing Transition of Random Heteropolymers Consisting of an Arbitrary Set of Monomers
Mean field replica theory is employed to analyze the freezing transition of
random heteropolymers comprised of an arbitrary number () of types of
monomers. Our formalism assumes that interactions are short range and
heterogeneity comes only from pairwise interactions, which are defined by an
arbitrary matrix. We show that, in general, there exists a
freezing transition from a random globule, in which the thermodynamic
equilibrium is comprised of an essentially infinite number polymer
conformations, to a frozen globule, in which equilibrium ensemble is dominated
by one or very few conformations. We also examine some special cases of
interaction matrices to analyze the relationship between the freezing
transition and the nature of interactions involved.Comment: 30 pages, 1 postscript figur
Is Heteropolymer Freezing Well Described by the Random Energy Model?
It is widely held that the Random Energy Model (REM) describes the freezing
transition of a variety of types of heteropolymers. We demonstrate that the
hallmark property of REM, statistical independence of the energies of states
over disorder, is violated in different ways for models commonly employed in
heteropolymer freezing studies. The implications for proteins are also
discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figures To appear in Physical Review Letters, May 199
Hubungan Faktor Internal dengan Kinerja Pegawai di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya Kota Denpasar
Kinerja adalah suatu bentuk hasil kerja yang dapat dicapai oleh seorang pegawai demi mencapai tujuan organisasi atau Perusahaan yang dapat diukur melalui indikator-indikator pengukuran kinerja. Faktor internal pegawai sangat penting diperhatikan dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan organisasi secara optimal diantaranya faktor pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, disiplin serta motivasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor internal dengan kinerja pegawai di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya Kota Denpasar tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 90 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Berdasarkan gambaran karakteristik responden, sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pendidikan D.III dan berstatus sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur kemudian dianalisis melalui uji chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% atau ?=0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara pendidikan dengan kinerja pegawai di RSUD Wangaya dengan nilai p = 0.000. Faktor pengalaman kerja memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kinerja pegawai dengan nilai p = 0.000. Ada hubungan bermakna antara disiplin dengan kinerja pegawai di RSUD Wangaya dengan nilai p = 0.000. Serta ada hubungan bermakna antara motivasi dengan kinerja pegawai di RSUD Wangaya (p = 0.000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu faktor pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, disiplin serta kinerja memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kinerja pegawai di RSUD Wangaya. Saran pada penelitian ini adalah sebaiknya pihak RSUD Wangaya lebih meningkatkan dan mengantisipasi terjadinya pelanggaran disiplin yang menyebabkan penurunan kinerja dengan melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi kinerja secara teratur dan berkesinambungan
Enhancing electrochemical intermediate solvation through electrolyte anion selection to increase nonaqueous Li-O battery capacity
Among the 'beyond Li-ion' battery chemistries, nonaqueous Li-O batteries
have the highest theoretical specific energy and as a result have attracted
significant research attention over the past decade. A critical scientific
challenge facing nonaqueous Li-O batteries is the electronically insulating
nature of the primary discharge product, lithium peroxide, which passivates the
battery cathode as it is formed, leading to low ultimate cell capacities.
Recently, strategies to enhance solubility to circumvent this issue have been
reported, but rely upon electrolyte formulations that further decrease the
overall electrochemical stability of the system, thereby deleteriously
affecting battery rechargeability. In this study, we report that a significant
enhancement (greater than four-fold) in Li-O cell capacity is possible by
appropriately selecting the salt anion in the electrolyte solution. Using
Li nuclear magnetic resonance and modeling, we confirm that this
improvement is a result of enhanced Li stability in solution, which in turn
induces solubility of the intermediate to LiO formation. Using this
strategy, the challenging task of identifying an electrolyte solvent that
possesses the anti-correlated properties of high intermediate solubility and
solvent stability is alleviated, potentially providing a pathway to develop an
electrolyte that affords both high capacity and rechargeability. We believe the
model and strategy presented here will be generally useful to enhance Coulombic
efficiency in many electrochemical systems (e.g. Li-S batteries) where
improving intermediate stability in solution could induce desired mechanisms of
product formation.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures and Supporting Informatio
CARVE: Practical Security-Focused Software Debloating Using Simple Feature Set Mappings
Software debloating is an emerging field of study aimed at improving the
security and performance of software by removing excess library code and
features that are not needed by the end user (called bloat). Software bloat is
pervasive, and several debloating techniques have been proposed to address this
problem. While these techniques are effective at reducing bloat, they are not
practical for the average user, risk creating unsound programs and introducing
vulnerabilities, and are not well suited for debloating complex software such
as network protocol implementations. In this paper, we propose CARVE, a simple
yet effective security-focused debloating technique that overcomes these
limitations. CARVE employs static source code annotation to map software
features source code, eliminating the need for advanced software analysis
during debloating and reducing the overall level of technical sophistication
required by the user. CARVE surpasses existing techniques by introducing
debloating with replacement, a technique capable of preserving software
interoperability and mitigating the risk of creating an unsound program or
introducing a vulnerability. We evaluate CARVE in 12 debloating scenarios and
demonstrate security and performance improvements that meet or exceed those of
existing techniques.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendi
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