The value of extended amygdala structures in emotive effects of narcogenic with diverse chemical structure

To clarify the value of the extended amygdala structures (bed nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens shell) in the mechanisms of unconditioned and conditioned reinforcement activated by various narcogenic, this paper carried out a neuropharmacological analysis of these effects, using blockade of dopamine receptors, GABA, opioids and CRF receptors within these brain structures, as well as an analysis of behavioral responses by self-stimulation (unconditioned reinforcement) and conditioned place preference (CPP) (conditioned reinforcement

Weyl group, CP and the kink-like field configurations in the effective SU(3) gauge theory

Effective Lagrangian for pure Yang-Mills gauge fields invariant under the standard space-time and local gauge SU(3) transformations is considered. It is demonstrated that a set of twelve degenerated minima exists as soon as a nonzero gluon condensate is postulated. The minima are connected to each other by the parity transformations and Weyl group transformations associated with the color su(3) algebra. The presence of degenerated discrete minima in the effective potential leads to the solutions of the effective Euclidean equations of motion in the form of the kink-like gauge field configurations interpolating between different minima. Spectrum of charged scalar field in the kink background is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, added references for sections 1 and

Antiasthenic properties of metaprot in treatment of subsequences of the brain injury

The clinical data concerning the usage of metaprot, a new original Russian drug, in patients suffering from the brain injury are reviewed. Monotherapy of patients with asthenic neurotic syndrome due to the brain injury by means of metaprot, piracetam and pyrazidol was accompanied with enhancement of vegetative and emotional status, working capacity, attention indices, and normalization of lipid peroxidation and the blood antioxidant systems activity. The great therapeutical efficacy in treatment of posttraumatic cerebroasthenia was registered after use of combination of metaprot and pyrazidol. Therefore, the combination of metaprot (250 mg twice a day) and pyrazidol (25 mg twice a day) during 15 days are preferable for the correction of asthenic neurotic state due to the brain injury.Представлены клинические данные по применению метапрота, нового оригинального отечественного препарата, у больных, перенесших черепно-мозговую травму. Монотерапия метапротом, пирацетамом и пиразидолом пациентов с астено-невротическим синдромом вследствие перенесенной закрытой черепно-мозговой травмы сопровождалась улучшением вегетативного и эмоционального статуса, повышением работоспособности, снижением утомления, повышением внимания, нормализацией процессов перекисного окисления и увеличением активности антиоксидантных систем крови. Наибольшей терапевтической эффективностью при лечении посттравматической церебрастении обладал метапрот в сочетании с пиразидолом. Таким образом, при коррекции астено-невротического состояния у пациентов с последствиями травмы мозга целесообразно применение в качестве противоастенических средств метапрота (250 мг 2 раза в сутки) в комбинации с пиразидолом (25 мг 2 раза в сутки) курсом 15 дней

The role of electromagnetic trapped modes in extraordinary transmission in nanostructured materials

We assert that the physics underlying the extraordinary light transmission (reflection) in nanostructured materials can be understood from rather general principles based on the formal scattering theory developed in quantum mechanics. The Maxwell equations in passive (dispersive and absorptive) linear media are written in the form of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation to which the quantum mechanical resonant scattering theory (the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism) is applied. It is demonstrated that the existence of long-lived quasistationary eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian for the Maxwell theory naturally explains the extraordinary transmission properties observed in various nanostructured materials. Such states correspond to quasistationary electromagnetic modes trapped in the scattering structure. Our general approach is also illustrated with an example of the zero-order transmission of the TE-polarized light through a metal-dielectric grating structure. Here a direct on-the-grid solution of the time-dependent Maxwell equations demonstrates the significance of resonances (or trapped modes) for extraordinary light transmissioComment: 14 pages, 6 figures; Discussion in Section 4 expanded; typos corrected; a reference added; Figure 4 revise

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalism on a Quantum Plane

We examine the problem of defining Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for a particle moving on a quantum plane $Q_{q,p}$. For Lagrangian mechanics, we first define a tangent quantum plane $TQ_{q,p}$ spanned by noncommuting particle coordinates and velocities. Using techniques similar to those of Wess and Zumino, we construct two different differential calculi on $TQ_{q,p}$. These two differential calculi can in principle give rise to two different particle dynamics, starting from a single Lagrangian. For Hamiltonian mechanics, we define a phase space $T^*Q_{q,p}$ spanned by noncommuting particle coordinates and momenta. The commutation relations for the momenta can be determined only after knowing their functional dependence on coordinates and velocities. Thus these commutation relations, as well as the differential calculus on $T^*Q_{q,p}$, depend on the initial choice of Lagrangian. We obtain the deformed Hamilton's equations of motion and the deformed Poisson brackets, and their definitions also depend on our initial choice of Lagrangian. We illustrate these ideas for two sample Lagrangians. The first system we examine corresponds to that of a nonrelativistic particle in a scalar potential. The other Lagrangian we consider is first order in time derivative

Gribov Problem for Gauge Theories: a Pedagogical Introduction

The functional-integral quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories is affected by the Gribov problem at non-perturbative level: the requirement of preserving the supplementary conditions under gauge transformations leads to a non-linear differential equation, and the various solutions of such a non-linear equation represent different gauge configurations known as Gribov copies. Their occurrence (lack of global cross-sections from the point of view of differential geometry) is called Gribov ambiguity, and is here presented within the framework of a global approach to quantum field theory. We first give a simple (standard) example for the SU(2) group and spherically symmetric potentials, then we discuss this phenomenon in general relativity, and recent developments, including lattice calculations.Comment: 24 pages, Revtex 4. In the revised version, a statement has been amended on page 11, and References 14, 16 and 27 have been improve

The Inverse Variational Problem for Autoparallels

We study the problem of the existence of a local quantum scalar field theory in a general affine metric space that in the semiclassical approximation would lead to the autoparallel motion of wave packets, thus providing a deviation of the spinless particle trajectory from the geodesics in the presence of torsion. The problem is shown to be equivalent to the inverse problem of the calculus of variations for the autoparallel motion with additional conditions that the action (if it exists) has to be invariant under time reparametrizations and general coordinate transformations, while depending analytically on the torsion tensor. The problem is proved to have no solution for a generic torsion in four-dimensional spacetime. A solution exists only if the contracted torsion tensor is a gradient of a scalar field. The corresponding field theory describes coupling of matter to the dilaton field.Comment: 13 pages, plain Latex, no figure

In search of new brain biomarkers of stress

Of the study was to investigate the level of ghrelin in various brain structures during a stress response in Zebrafish to a predator, to evaluate this indicator as a potential biomarker of stress, and the effect of a benzodiazepine tranquilizer (phenazepam) on stress-induced change

INFORMATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT FOR MULTI-AGENT ROBOTIC SYSTEM UNDER THE INFORMATION IMPACT

The paper deals with the features of information security guaranteeing of the multi-agent robotic system with self-organizing behavior. The main attention is paid to the possibility of implementing information security threats on the level of interaction between the individual elements. The definitions “information impact” and “disorganization” are introduced for multi-agent robotic system. As a criterion for the system safety state assessment, probability is selected of number of items available at time t for required task execution of multi-agent robotic system, not suffering from the effects of the information impact. A method for estimating the probability of the multi-agent robotic system being in a safe state is proposed. The method is based on mathematical apparatus of Markov chains. Its distinction is the usage of functional dependencies for intensity information impact. The method gives the possibility to identify required characteristics of the individual elements in the early stages of development. Graphs of probability for secure system state of group of elements at different intensities of information impact by intruder and intensities are given, characterizing software and hardware capabilities of element output from the unsafe condition. The system behavior is modeled in the dynamics for different functional dependencies of the information impact intensity. An example of group consisting of four identical elements staying in a safe condition and attacking by three disorganizing elements is shown. Technique of obtaining numerical values for the intensities of information impact at successive instants is revealed

Development of High Granular Neutron Time-of-Flight Detector for the BM@N experiment

The HGND (High Granular Neutron Detector) is developed for the BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) experiment on the extracted beam of the Nuclotron at JINR, Dubna. The HGND will be used to measure the azimuthal flow of neutrons produced with energies ranging from 300 to 4000 MeV in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies of 2--4 AGeV. The azimuthal flow of charged particles will be measured using the BM@N magnet spectrometer. The data on the azimuthal flow of neutrons will shed light on the study of the high-density Equation of State (EoS) of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter, which is crucial for studying astrophysical phenomena such as neutron stars and their mergers. The HGND has a highly granular structure with approximately 2000 plastic scintillation detectors (cells), each measuring 4$\times$4$\times$2.5 cm$^3$. These detectors are arranged in 16 layers, with 121 detectors in each layer, and are subdivided by copper absorber plates with a thickness of 3 cm. The light from each cell is detected with SiPM (Silicon Photomultiplier) with an active area of 6$\times$6 mm$^2$. Developed multi-channel TDC board based on the Kintex FPGA chip with a bin width of 100 ps will be used to perform precise timestamp and amplitude measurement using Time-over-Threshold (ToT) method. Good spatial resolution due to the high granularity together with a cell's time resolution of 100-150 ps ensures neutron reconstruction with good energy resolution. The design of the detector as well as the results from test measurements and simulations have been presented