38,839 research outputs found
Thermal instabilities in protogalactic clouds
The means by which a protogalaxy can fragment to form the first generation of stars and globular clusters remains an important problem in astrophysics. Gravitational instabilities grow on timescales too long to drive fragmentation before the background density grows by many orders of magnitude (see Murray and Lin 1989a, and references therein). Thermal instability provides a much more likely mechanism. After its initial collapse, a protogalactic cloud is expected to be shock heated to its virial temperature approx. 10(exp 6) K. Cooling by H and He+ below 10(exp 6) K has a negative slope, so that the cloud is subject to strong thermal instabilities. Density enhancements may then grow rapidly, fragmenting the protogalaxy as it cools to lower temperatures. The role of dynamical effects upon the growth of perturbations is considered here. The method used is similar to that used in Murray and Lin (1989a; see also the Erratum to appear September 15), which examined the growth of thermal instabilities with a one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics code, written for spherical symmetry. Perturbed regions therefore take the form of shells. The dynamical variables are integrated explicitly, while the temperature, ionization fraction, and molecular fraction are integrated implicitly, and account is taken for non-equilibrium values of these quantities
Dynamic weight parameter for the Random Early Detection (RED) in TCP networks
This paper presents the Weighted Random Early Detection (WTRED) strategy for congestion handling in TCP networks. WTRED provides an adjustable weight parameter to increase the sensitivity of the average queue size in RED gateways to the changes in the actual queue size. This modification, over the original RED proposal, helps gateways minimize the mismatch between average and actual queue sizes in router buffers. WTRED is compared with RED and FRED strategies using the NS-2 simulator. The results suggest that WTRED outperforms RED and FRED. Network performance has been measured using throughput, link utilization, packet loss and delay
Thermal and structural modeling of superinsulation
Model permits direct physical measurement of the thermal response of critical components of space telescopes, thus providing flexibility for systems studies and design changes
The Serendiptichord: Reflections on the collaborative design process between artist and researcher
The Serendiptichord is a wearable instrument, resulting from a collaboration crossing fashion, technology, music and dance. This paper reflects on the collaborative process and how defining both creative and research roles for each party led to a successful creative partnership built on mutual respect and open communication. After a brief snapshot of the instrument in performance, the instrument is considered within the context of dance-driven interactive music systems followed by a discussion on the nature of the collaboration and its impact upon the design process and final piece
Elephants can always remember: Exact long-range memory effects in a non-Markovian random walk
We consider a discrete-time random walk where the random increment at time
step depends on the full history of the process. We calculate exactly the
mean and variance of the position and discuss its dependence on the initial
condition and on the memory parameter . At a critical value
where memory effects vanish there is a transition from a weakly localized
regime (where the walker returns to its starting point) to an escape regime.
Inside the escape regime there is a second critical value where the random walk
becomes superdiffusive. The probability distribution is shown to be governed by
a non-Markovian Fokker-Planck equation with hopping rates that depend both on
time and on the starting position of the walk. On large scales the memory
organizes itself into an effective harmonic oscillator potential for the random
walker with a time-dependent spring constant . The solution of
this problem is a Gaussian distribution with time-dependent mean and variance
which both depend on the initiation of the process.Comment: 10 page
Thermal and structural modeling of a large aperture space telescope Technical summary report, 22 Jun. - 22 Sep. 1968
Thermal and structural modeling for large aperture space telescop
Probabilistic computing with future deep sub-micrometer devices: a modelling approach
An approach is described that investigates the potential of probabilistic "neural" architectures for computation with deep sub-micrometer (DSM) MOSFETs. Initially, noisy MOSFET models are based upon those for a 0.35 /spl mu/m MOS technology with an exaggerated 1/f characteristic. We explore the manifestation of the 1/f characteristic at the output of a 2-quadrant multiplier when the key n-channel MOSFETs are replaced by "noisy" MOSFETs. The stochastic behavior of this noisy multiplier has been mapped on to a software (Matlab) model of a continuous restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM) - an analogue-input stochastic computing structure. Simulation of this DSM CRBM implementation shows little degradation from that of a "perfect" CRBM. This paper thus introduces a methodology for a form of "technology-downstreaming" and highlights the potential of probabilistic architectures for DSM computation
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