Histološki nalaz pulpe na zubima pasa restauriranim sa TD-71

The experiment on the teeth of dogs with TD-71, a material specially designed for fillings but used without a protective base, was undertaken in order to establish biological tolerance of the tissue. The material for the histological analysis was taken three and six months from the day of application of TD-71. The results were as follows: Changes were seen on all elements of the pulp, i. e. three months after the application of TD-71 the changes were characterized by marked hyperaemia of the pulp with enlargement of the connective tissue elements. After six months the pulp tissue was dominated by connective tissue components with insignificant hyperaemia. On the basis of the results obtained one may conclude that changes in the dental pulp following application of TD-71 are of prolonged and irreversible character.An Hundezähnen ausgeführte Experimente mit dem Füllungsmaterial TD-71 ohne schützende Unterlage bezweckte die Feststellung seiner biologischen Verträglichkeit. Die histologische Analyse wurde drei und sechs Monate nach der Applikation mit folgenden Resultaten ausgeführt: An allen Teilen der Pulpa wurden Veränderungen festgestellt. Die Veränderungen nach dreimonatlicher Applikation sind mit einer ausgesprochenen Pulpahyperämie und Vermehrung des Bindegewebes charakterisiert. Nach sechs Monaten überwiegt in der Pulpa das Bindegewebe, während die Hyperamie schwächer in Erscheinung tritt. Aufgrund der Resultate kann man beschliessen dass die Veränderungen an der Zahnpulpa nach Applikation von TD-71 langdauernd und irreversibel sind.Eksperiment izvršen na psećim zubima s materijalom za ispune TD-71 bez zaštitne podloge imao je za cilj da ustanovi biološku tolerantnost. Materijal za histološku analizu uzet je tri i šest meseci od dana aplikacije TD-71. Promene su konstatovane na svim elementima pulpe. Promene tri meseca posle aplikacije TD-71 karakteriše izrazita hiperemija pulpe, s uvećanjem vezivno-tkivnih elemenata. Posle šest meseci pulpnim tkivom dominira vezivno-tkivna komponenta, sa neznatnom hiperemijom. Na osnovu dobivenih rezultata, može se zaključiti da su promene na zubnoj pulpi posle aplikacije TD-71 dugotrajne i ireverzibilnog karaktera

Die Zubereitung des präparates »Biocalex« beim heilen der infizierten Zahnwurzel

Dejstvo Biocalexa bazira na kretanju hidroksil-jona kroz dentinsko tkivo, pri čemu se postiže germicidni efekat. U ovoj se metodi koristi osobina jakih baza da otpuštaju hidroksil-jone, pri čemu se ne koristi jonofor S obzirom da je Biocalex sredstvo sa visokim pH, sa izrazitom ekspanzijom i produženim delo- vanjem, zahteva strogo pridržavanje date tehnike rada, da bi se postigao uspeh u terapiji inficiranih zuba.The influence of Biocalex is based on the movement of hydroxyle-iones through the dentin tissue at which time the germicide effect is obtained. The property of strong bases to releave the hydroxiliones is used and replaces the application of an lonofor. In regard to that Biocalex is a mean with high pH, an expressive expansity and a long-term activity. Precise technique of work is demanded in order to succeed in therapy of the infected tooth.Die Wirkung des Biocalex ist auf der Wanderung der Hydroxylionen durch das Dentin begründet, womit eine keimtötende Wirkung erreicht wird. In dieser Methode wird die Eigenschaft starker Basen Hydroxylionen abzuspalten benützt, u. zw. ohne Verwendung des Jonophors. Mit Rücksicht darauf dass Biocalex ein Mittel mit hohem pH-Gehalt, ausgesprochener Expansion und verlängerter Wirkungsdauer ist, müssen die gegebenen Vorschriften der Arbeitstechnik genau beachtet werden, um den Erfolg der Therapie des infiziererten Wurzelkanals zu gewährleisten

Methoden der Gewebskulturen in den stomatologischen Untersuchungen

Autori prikazuju metode ispitivanja kultivisanjem fibroblasta i zubnih začetaka miša u sistemu in vitro. Rezultati dobijeni kultivisanjem zubnih začetaka miša u raznim fazama embriogeneze pokazuju da ovaj metod ispitivanja (in vitro) pruža izvesne prednosti u odnosu na sistem in vivo.LI in vivo sistemu prömene nastale tokom života, u toku histološke obrade uzetog materijala, kao i intraoperativno, teško je razlikovati od onih, koje nastaju kao posledica agensa koji se ispituje, što je svedeno na minimum u in vitro sistemu. Pored ovog, ispitivanja u in vitro sistemu vremenski su kraća i ekonomičnija, mogu obuhvatiti veći broj uzoraka, što je uslov za statističku obradu rezultata.The authors report \u27the methods which have been used during the cultivation of fibroblast and tooth embryo in the system in vitro. The results of experiments in the cultivation of the mice tooth embryo, taken intrauterine on the 20—21st day of embryonal development, have indicated that investigation in vitro has some advantages in regard to the system in vivo. These advantages are as follows: 1. The changes observed during the experiment in vivo either those produced during life time or those created by iatrogenic influence and caused in the technical procedures for hystologica! examination, are reduced to the minimum in the system in vitro. 2. The experiments in the system in vitro are shorter in terms of time and more economical. Therefore, a great number of cultures can be provided and the results of the experiment better presented with statistics.Die Autoren beschreiben Untersuchungsmethoden der Gewebe mittels Fibroblasten und Zahnkeimen der Maus in vitro Resultate die in verschiedenen Phasen der Embryogenese erhalten wurden, beweisen dass die Untersuchungsmethoden in vitro gewisse Vorteile im Vergleich mit Untersuchungen in vivo bieten. Veränderungen die im Verlaufe des Lebens, im Verlaufe der histologischen Bearbeitung des Materials eintreten, als auch intraoperative Veränderungen, sind nur schwer von jenen welche als Folge des untersuchten Agens stattfinden, zu unterscheiden, was in vitro auf ein Minimum reduziert ist. Untersuchungen in vitro sind zeitlich kürzer und ekonomischer, sie können eine grössere Anzahl von Müstern umfassen, was als Bedingung für die statistische Bearbeitung der Resultate anzusehen ist

Recent developments in multiple sclerosis therapeutics

Multiple sclerosis, the most common neurologic disorder of young adults, is traditionally considered to be an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Based on this understanding, the initial therapeutic strategies were directed at immune modulation and inflammation control. These approaches, including high-dose corticosteroids for acute relapses and long-term use of parenteral interferon-β, glatiramer acetate or natalizumab for disease modification, are at best moderately effective. Growing evidence supports that, while an inflammatory pathology characterizes the early relapsing stage of multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative pathology dominates the later progressive stage of the disease. Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies currently in development attempt to specifically target the underlying pathology at each stage of the disease, while avoiding frequent self-injection. These include a variety of oral medications and monoclonal antibodies to reduce inflammation in relapsing multiple sclerosis and agents intended to promote neuroprotection and neurorepair in progressive multiple sclerosis. Although newer therapies for relapsing MS have the potential to be more effective and easier to administer than current therapies, they also carry greater risks. Effective treatments for progressive multiple sclerosis are still being sought

Transcriptome profiling of sheep granulosa cells and oocytes during early follicular development obtained by Laser Capture Microdissection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Successful achievement of early folliculogenesis is crucial for female reproductive function. The process is finely regulated by cell-cell interactions and by the coordinated expression of genes in both the oocyte and in granulosa cells. Despite many studies, little is known about the cell-specific gene expression driving early folliculogenesis. The very small size of these follicles and the mixture of types of follicles within the developing ovary make the experimental study of isolated follicular components very difficult.</p> <p>The recently developed laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique coupled with microarray experiments is a promising way to address the molecular profile of pure cell populations. However, one main challenge was to preserve the RNA quality during the isolation of single cells or groups of cells and also to obtain sufficient amounts of RNA.</p> <p>Using a new LCM method, we describe here the separate expression profiles of oocytes and follicular cells during the first stages of sheep folliculogenesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed a new tissue fixation protocol ensuring efficient single cell capture and RNA integrity during the microdissection procedure. Enrichment in specific cell types was controlled by qRT-PCR analysis of known genes: six oocyte-specific genes (<it>SOHLH2</it>, <it>MAEL</it>, <it>MATER</it>, <it>VASA</it>, <it>GDF9</it>, <it>BMP15</it>) and three granulosa cell-specific genes (<it>KL</it>, <it>GATA4</it>, <it>AMH</it>).</p> <p>A global gene expression profile for each follicular compartment during early developmental stages was identified here for the first time, using a bovine Affymetrix chip. Most notably, the granulosa cell dataset is unique to date. The comparison of oocyte vs. follicular cell transcriptomes revealed 1050 transcripts specific to the granulosa cell and 759 specific to the oocyte.</p> <p>Functional analyses allowed the characterization of the three main cellular events involved in early folliculogenesis and confirmed the relevance and potential of LCM-derived RNA.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The ovary is a complex mixture of different cell types. Distinct cell populations need therefore to be analyzed for a better understanding of their potential interactions. LCM and microarray analysis allowed us to identify novel gene expression patterns in follicular cells at different stages and in oocyte populations.</p

A new model of development of the mammalian ovary and follicles

Ovarian follicular granulosa cells surround and nurture oocytes, and produce sex steroid hormones. It is believed that during development the ovarian surface epithelial cells penetrate into the ovary and develop into granulosa cells when associating with oogonia to form follicles. Using bovine fetal ovaries (n = 80) we identified a novel cell type, termed GREL for Gonadal Ridge Epithelial-Like. Using 26 markers for GREL and other cells and extracellular matrix we conducted immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and chronologically tracked all somatic cell types during development. Before 70 days of gestation the gonadal ridge/ovarian primordium is formed by proliferation of GREL cells at the surface epithelium of the mesonephros. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate into the ovarian primordium. After 70 days, stroma from the underlying mesonephros begins to penetrate the primordium, partitioning the developing ovary into irregularly-shaped ovigerous cords composed of GREL cells and PGCs/oogonia. Importantly we identified that the cords are always separated from the stroma by a basal lamina. Around 130 days of gestation the stroma expands laterally below the outermost layers of GREL cells forming a sub-epithelial basal lamina and establishing an epithelial-stromal interface. It is at this stage that a mature surface epithelium develops from the GREL cells on the surface of the ovary primordium. Expansion of the stroma continues to partition the ovigerous cords into smaller groups of cells eventually forming follicles containing an oogonium/oocyte surrounded by GREL cells, which become granulosa cells, all enclosed by a basal lamina. Thus in contrast to the prevailing theory, the ovarian surface epithelial cells do not penetrate into the ovary to form the granulosa cells of follicles, instead ovarian surface epithelial cells and granulosa cells have a common precursor, the GREL cell.Katja Hummitzsch, Helen F. Irving-Rodgers, Nicholas Hatzirodos, Wendy Bonner, Laetitia Sabatier, Dieter P. Reinhardt, Yoshikazu Sado, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, Dagmar Wilhelm and Raymond J. Rodger