The social construction of violence among Northern Plains tribal members with antisocial personality disorder and alcohol use disorder

Whereas recent reports from national studies have presented extremely high rates for many personality disorders in American Indian communities, persistent concerns about the meaning of these symptoms have left many troubled by these reports. American Indians as a group are known to suffer disproportionately from a number of violent experiences, but the dynamics of this violence have received little attention. This paper examines perspectives on violence in the lives of 15 northern plains tribal members who met criteria for antisocial personality disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorder. It explores how study participants constructed and understood their own violent encounters, as well as the motivations they described (characterized here as reputation, leveling, retaliation, catharsis, and self-defense). Violence was gendered in this study, with men generally presenting as perpetrators and women as victims. Men often described themselves as ready participants in a violent world, while women were quite clear that aggression for them was often simply required as they tried to defend themselves from male violence. While this analysis does not replace clinical analyses of violence in antisocial personality disorder, it does reveal an underlying cultural logic that may play a role in shaping the recourse to violence for that minority of individuals for whom it appears to be the obvious choice.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

The Consumption, Production and Regulation of Alcohol in the UK: The Relevance of the Ambivalence of the Carnivalesque

Alcohol consumption in 21st-century Britain is of significant interest to government, media and academics. Some have referred to a ‘new culture of intoxication’ or ‘calculated hedonism’, fostered by the drinks industry, and enabled by a neoliberal policymaking context. This article argues that the ‘carnivalesque’ is a better concept through which to understand alcohol’s place in British society today. The concept of the carnivalesque conveys an earthy yet extraordinary culture of drinking, as well as ritual elements with a lack of comfort and security that characterise the night-time economy for many people. This night-time carnival, as well as being something experienced by participants, is also a spectacle, with gendered and classed dynamics. It is suggested that this concept is helpful in making sense of common understandings of alcohol that run through the spheres not only of alcohol consumption but also production and regulation

Understanding English alcohol policy as a neoliberal condemnation of the carnivalesque

Much academic work has argued that alcohol policy in England over the past 25 years can be characterised as neoliberal, particularly in regard to the night-time economy and attempts to address “binge” drinking. Understanding neoliberalism as a particular “mentality of government” that circumscribes the range of policy options considered appropriate and practical for a government to take, this article notes how the particular application of policy can vary by local context. This article argues that the approach of successive governments in relation to alcohol should be seen as based on a fear and condemnation of the carnivalesque, understood as a time when everyday norms and conventions are set aside, and the world is – for a limited period only – turned inside out. This analysis is contrasted with previous interpretations that have characterised government as condemning intoxication and particular forms of pleasure taken in drinking. Although these concepts are useful in such analysis, this article suggests that government concerns are broader and relate to wider cultures surrounding drunkenness. Moreover, there is an ambivalence to policy in relation to alcohol that is better conveyed by the concept of the carnivalesque than imagining simply a condemnation of pleasure or intoxication

Public drunkenness as a nuisance in Ghent (Belgium) and Trento (Italy)

This article explores the reality of the nuisance of public drunkenness in one nightlife location of Ghent (Belgium) and in one of Trento (Italy) and inspects the way alcohol-related disorder is viewed and tackled by police officers there. Drawing on the literature arguing for the existence of different "cultures of drinking" in western and southern European countries, a distinct reality of the nuisance of public drunkenness was hypothesized to be present in these two cities. Against the backdrop of cultural criminology scholarship and of the national literature on policing practices, it was expected that the physical/aesthetic appearance of street drinkers would differently impact on the way police officers there represent alcohol-related disorder and enforce national and local nuisance regulations. The gathered data indicate that while drinking patterns and connected disorderly behavior do not significantly vary in Ghent and in Trento, the aesthetic/physical characteristics of certain groups of people play a role in shaping the representations of some police officers in Trento. The study concludes that cultural and context-specific factors, including those linked to the cultures of drinking and to aesthetics, should be considered in criminological research to more fully understand and explain the different policing views on and attitudes to alcohol-related disorder in inner-city nightlife areas. In its conclusions, the article also highlights some directions for future research

Heterogeneity in drinking practices in England and Wales and its association with violent behaviour: a latent class analysis

Background: Crude single-item consumption metrics, such as ‘binge drinking’ measures, mask the complexity and heterogeneity in young people’s drinking; thus limiting our understanding of young people’s drinking patterns as well as how alcohol drinking is associated with violent outcomes. Objectives: The current study employed a range of consumption and contextual indicators to explore heterogeneity in young people’s (16-29 years) drinking practices, giving due consideration to their social nature. It also assessed to what extent heterogeneity in drinking practices was associated with violent outcomes. Methods: Employing data from the 2006 Offending Crime and Justice Survey, three measures of alcohol consumption and nine drinking context indicators were utilised within latent class analysis to create typologies of drinking practices amongst current drinkers in England and Wales (n=2,711) and examine their association with violent outcomes. The validity of the typologies was also assessed on age, sex and socio-economic status. Results: Three discernible drinking profiles were identified: ‘regular social drinkers’ (48%), ‘regular pub binge drinkers’ (32%), and ‘moderate drinkers’ (20%). The ‘regular pub binge drinkers’ were found to be more than twice as likely to commit an assault offence (odds ratio = 2.8 95% CI [1.3, 6.2]) when compared to ‘moderate drinkers’. Interaction analyses demonstrated a stronger risk of violence among ‘regular social drinkers’ of low socio-economic status. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related violence ought to give due consideration to the social context of drinking, the levels of consumption, as well as the socio-economic characteristics of the drinker

Innovations in mine roadway stability monitoring using dual height and remote reading electronic "telltales"

Czujniki ostrzegawcze telltales wykorzystywane przy stosowaniu obudów kotwiowych są w chwili obecnej uznanym na rynku międzynarodowym środkiem wczesnego ostrzegania przed oberwaniem się stropu. Podwójne czujniki telltale umożliwiające natychmiastowy widoczny pomiar rozróżniający ruch górotworu powyżej i poniżej wysokości kotwienia są najpowszechniej występującą wersją. Podwójne czujniki telltale zostały po raz pierwszy opracowane przez British Coal na początku lat 90., kiedy wprowadzono obudowy kotwiowe, które zastąpiły tradycyjne stalowe obudowy łukowe, i kiedy sukces stosowania takich obudów w głębokich kopalniach węgla kamiennego szeroko przypisywano zastosowaniu tych urządzeń zabezpieczających. Od momentu wprowadzenia tego czujnika, opracowano i zastosowano na świecie wiele odmian i modyfikacji podstawowej jego wersji, dostosowując przyrząd do różnych warunków działalności górniczej. Przykładowo, potrójne czujniki telltale są powszechnie stosowane w czole chodnika, w miejscach, gdzie zabudowane są obudowy kotwiowe w połączeniu z dłuższymi ścięgnami. Wybór odpowiedniego poziomu zadziałania przy ruchu stropu jest czynnikiem decydującym dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa. Doświadczenie pokazuje, że systematyczna obsługa systemu ostrzegawczego telltale jest niezbędna dla zapewnienia podjęcia właściwych działań. Zwykle dokonuje się zabudowy dodatkowej obudowy, kiedy zadany poziom zadziałania urządzenia jest przekroczony. W Australii, przykładem jest stosowana metoda TARP. Innym wielkim osiągnięciem było wprowadzenie iskrobezpiecznego zdalnie odczytywanego, podwójnego systemu telltale, który pozwala na podłączenie do 100 elektronicznych przyrządów telltale za pomocą dwużyłowego kabla i odczyt przy zastosowaniu przenośnego czytnika znajdującego się na końcu chodnika, lub za pomocą komputera PC znajdującego się na powierzchni kopalni poprzez kabel telefoniczny. W przypadku tej drugiej konfiguracji, uzyskuje się odczyt rzeczywistego stanu stropu w danej chwili przy jednoczesnym natychmiastowym wizualnym wskazaniu tego stanu przez urządzenie pod ziemią. Najnowszym rozwiązaniem jest czujnik telltale z automatycznym systemem ostrzegania. Urządzenie to ostrzega o zbliżającym się zawale w czasie wybierania filarowego poprzez dobrze widoczne, błyskające diody LED. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje te i inne rodzaje czujnika telltale, jak również przytacza przykłady ich zastosowania na świecie uwzględniając takie kraje jak Wielka Brytania, Indie oraz USA.Rockbolting telltales are now an internationally established means of providing pre-emptive warnings of roof falls. The dual height telltale, providing an immediate visible measurement distinguishing between movement above and below the rockbolted height, is the most widespread version. The dual height telltale was first developed by British Coal in the early 1990's as rockbolting was introduced to replace steel arch support and the success of this support system in deep coal mines has been widely ascribed to the use of this safety device. Since its adoption, many permutations and improvements on the basic design have been developed and applied worldwide to suit different mining circumstances; for instance, triple height telltales are commonly used where a combination of roofbolts and longer tendons are installed at the face of the heading. The choice of appropriate movement action levels is vital for safety. Experience has also shown that systematic management of the application of the telltale warning system is required to ensure that appropriate action (usually the installation of additional support) is taken in time when action levels are exceeded. In Australia, this is exemplified in the TARP approach. Another major development has been an intrinsically safe remote reading dual height telltale system which allows up to 100 electronic telltales to be connected with a twin core cable and read, using either a portable read- out, from the end of the roadway, or a surface PC via a telephone cable connection. In the latter configuration, a real time display of roof condition is obtained whilst retaining the immediate visual indication underground. A recent development is the "Autowarning" telltale. This provides a warning of impending goafing in depillaring operations via high visibility, flashing LEDs. The paper describes these and other telltale developments and provides case histories of their application worldwide, including UK, India, and USA

Handbook on ground control at small coal mines

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:4335.321(264) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo