Colisiones ión-átomo: una oportunidad para estudiar fenómenos dinámicos complejos

La colisión de iones con átomos es un problema que data de la época de Rutherford. En las últimas décadas, la creciente sofisticación en técnicas experimentales ha permitido observar detalles que antes eran impensables, midiendo simultáneamente varias partículas y encontrando sus correlaciones. También nos encontramos con evidencias que son, en muchos casos, muy difíciles de analizar teóricamente, y a veces, difíciles de comparar con ideas previas. En este artículo se plantea el problema básico y se resumen algunos experimentos recientes.Ion-atom collisions is a subject investigated from Ruthetford's time. In the last decades, due to the accelerated advance in experimental techniques, coincidence measurements have allowed to study the problem with great detail. Lately, the experimental evidence is often very complex to be analysed theoretically, and in some cases, difficult to match with previous ideas. In the present paper the basic problema and ame recent experiments are summarised

Necesidades de los cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad lateral amiotrófica: estudio piloto sobre una intervención multidisciplinar

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad que provoca incapacidad, cronicidad y minusvalía física. La dependencia del paciente se incrementa con el paso del tiempo hasta ser total. Objetivos Valorar la eficacia de intervenciones específicas diseñadas para capacitar a los cuidadores no profesionales de pacientes con enfermedad lateral amiotrófica. Método Estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una intervención diseñada para los cuidadores no profesionales de pacientes con ELA. Estudio piloto. Se evaluaron las necesidades de los cuidadores según el cuestionario de Kreutzer. Los pacientes se agruparon según el nivel de dependencia valorado con el índice de Barthel, y específicos de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica la Escala Revisada de Valoración Funcional y Cognitive Behavoral Screen. Se diseñó una intervención multidisciplinar y se evaluó su eficacia. Resultados Finalmente se incluyeron siete cuidadores en el estudio piloto. Son mujeres, de media de edad 56 años, parejas de los pacientes, con actividad económica paralela y con nivel medio de estudios. Los pacientes, son varones con una edad media de 63 años y de uno a tres años de evolución de la enfermedad; presentaron un Barthel moderado-leve, alteración cognitiva, de la motilidad gruesa y de la función respiratoria. Las necesidades más demandadas fueron las de «información médica/sanitaria» y de «implicación en el tratamiento y cuidado». Conclusiones Las intervenciones específicas para cubrir las necesidades de los cuidadores no profesionales son altamente efectivas. Utilizar herramientas que las identifiquen contribuyen a mejorar los cuidados que prestan. Amyotrophy lateral sclerosis is a disease that causes disability, chronicity and physical handicap. Moreover, the dependence of the patient will increase. Objectives To assess the efficacy of specific interventions designed to train non-professional caregivers of patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral disease. Method Descriptive cross-sectional study of an intervention designed for non-professional caregivers of patients with ALS. Pilot study. The target audience of this study are non-professional caregivers of patients with ALS. The level of dependence of the patients is measured with the Barthel index, the Revised Scale of Functional Assessment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Cognitive Behavioural Screening in ALS. The needs of these patients’ caregivers were evaluated according to the Kreutzer questionnaire. A multidisciplinary intervention designed to modify this situation was designed and reevaluated. Results Finally, seven caregivers were included in the pilot study. They were women, with an average age of 56 years, partners of the patients, with parallel economic activity and with an average level of education. The patients were men with a mean age of 63 years and 1-3 years of disease duration; they presented a moderate-mild Barthel, cognitive impairment, gross motility and respiratory function. The most demanded needs were for «medical/health information» and «involvement in treatment and care». Conclusion Specific interventions to meet the needs of non-professional caregivers are highly effective. Using tools that identify them contributes to improving caregivers’ care

Taphonomy

Trabajo presentado en el II International Symposium on Lithographic Limestones celebrado en Cuenca.-- Field trip guide book.The taphonomic anal ysis of the Las Hoyas site is still at an early stage. This analysis is necessary since it is considered a prerequisite for paleoecological reconstructions (Shipman, 1981). Besides, taphonomic analysis has its own aims; in this case they could be summarized as the establishment of the temporal succession of processes which led to the formation of the site.Peer reviewe

The Exceptional Fossil Site of Las Hoyas (SPAIN) from an Educational Perspective

The paleontological heritage of the fossil site of Las Hoyas (Early Cretaceous of Cuenca, Spain) is becoming a relevant part of the sociocultural identity of Castilla-La Mancha autonomous community in general, and of Cuenca province in particular. The most recent scientific advances, including several fossil findings that have had high scientific impact, have made Las Hoyas to regularly be the center of attention in the local, national, and international media, especially since the reinterpretation of the paleoecosystem represented by the locality published in 2010. These results have led to a renaissance of the interest of the society for this unique site. As a consequence, Las Hoyas has been declared Site of Cultural Interest by the regional government, in the form of paleontological zone. This recognition, which grants the locality with the highest level of protection, sets a legal framework for the educative initiatives developed at this locality, which can be categorized as non-formal education, formal education, and Social Paleontology.Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, EspañaJURASSICA Museum, SuizaDepartment of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, SuizaMuseo Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaDepartamento de Estratigrafía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, EspañaGéosciences Rennes Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FranciaDepartamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, EspañaLaboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Franci

Molecular taphonomy of macrofossils from the Cretaceous Las Hoyas Formation, Spain

Macromolecular analysis of fossil fish scales from the Cretaceous Las Hoyas Formation (using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) revealed a dominant aliphatic composition (C8 to C22) whereas modern fish scale is proteinaceous (largely collagenous). Structural analysis of the aliphatic polymer using thermochemolysis revealed the importance of ester linkages; saturated fatty acids C14 to C18 (particularly C16) are the most abundant. These acid components and their unsaturated counterparts are evident in the lipid composition of modern fish scales. Thus, the aliphatic composition of the fossil scales is probably a result of the incorporation of lipids (including a C19 aromatic hydrocarbon) from the original indicating preservation by in situ polymerization of labile aliphatic components. Fossil arthropods and plants from the same deposit also show a dominant aliphatic macromolecular component, likely derived predominantly by crosslinking of free lipid precursors. Differences in the relative distribution of molecular components indicate likely chemosystematic differences between different fossil groups.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Measuring the stopping power of α particles in compact bone for BNCT

The stopping power of α particles in thin films of decalcified sheep femur, in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 MeV incident energy, was measured by transmission of a backscattered beam from a heavy target. Additionally, the film elemental composition was determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). These data will be used to measure boron concentration in thin films of bone using a spectrometry technique developed by the University of Pavia, since the concentration ratio between healthy tissue and tumor is of fundamental importance in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The present experimental data are compared with numerical simulation results and with tabulated stopping power data of nondecalcified human bon