Физический интернет и транспортно-логистические системы цифровой экономики

Logistics transportation systems are considered regarding development of the Physical Internet. The Physical Internet is widely defined as an open global logistics system founded on physical, digital, and operational interconnectivity, through encapsulation, interfaces, and protocols, similar to the Digital Internet [1; 2]. It is built based on standardisation of both containers for transportation of goods and the equipment intended for their handling and supply. This allows creating a practically new industry since the shipper does not specify the mode of transport, and the system works on the principles of the Digital Internet, routing containers (analogous to packages of the Digital Internet) and collecting them in the right place at the right time. The concept of the Physical Internet is aimed at implementation of full interconnectedness, in terms of data, information, physical and financial flows, of several networks of freight transportation logistics services, as well as at their readiness to be freely used as a single large logistics network. The seamless physical, digital, and financial interconnection of logistics networks will include transportation, storage, and physical handling of cargo units (containers, demountable bodies, pallets, etc) [3]. In other words, these are physical objects, and that justifies the designation of the entire system as of the Physical Internet. Naturally, such a system inevitably raises the issue of standardising such physical objects (by analogy with standardising Digital Internet packages). Hence, the term of so-called ð-containers appears associated with special unified containers for storage, handling, transportation of material objects within the Physical Internet system. Now, the Physical Internet is not a merely theoretical concept. Its implementation is being carried out in many countries. The first Russian companies have already started promoting this concept as well. The objective of the article is to review the current state of this logistics model in Russia and the world based on the analysis of the literature and practical implementations.В работе рассматриваются вопросы развития транспортно-логистических систем с учётом развития физического интернета. Широкое признание получило определение физического интернета как глобальной открытой логистической системы, основанной на принципах физической, цифровой и операционной взаимосвязи, стандартных и свободных «интерфейсах» и «протоколах», по аналогии с цифровым интернетом [1; 2]. Он построен на базе типизации как контейнеров для перевозки грузов, так и средств их обработки и доставки. Это позволяет фактически создать новую отрасль, в которой отправитель груза не указывает вид транспорта, а система работает по принципам цифрового интернета, маршрутизируя контейнеры (аналоги пакетов в цифровом интернете) и собирая их в нужном месте в нужное время. Концепция физического интернета направлена на реализацию полной взаимосвязанности в части информационных, физических и финансовых потоков, нескольких сетей грузовых перевозок и логистических услуг, а также их готовность к беспрепятственному использованию в качестве одной большой логистической сети. Беспрепятственное физическое, цифровое и финансовое соединение логистических сетей будет включать операции транспортировки, хранения и физической обработки грузовых единиц (контейнеров, съёмных кузовов, поддонов и т.д.) [3]. Иными словами – это физические объекты, что и даёт название всей системе – физический интернет. Естественно, что в такой системе неизбежно встаёт вопрос о стандартизации таких физических объектов (по аналогии со стандартизацией пакетов). Отсюда и появляются так называемые p-контейнеры – специальные унифицированные контейнеры для хранения, грузообработки, транспортировки материальных объектов в системе физического интернета. На данный момент физический интернет существует уже не только как теоретическая концепция. Его внедрение осуществляется во многих странах. Есть уже и первые российские компании, которые начали продвижение этой концепции. Целью статьи является обзор текущего состояния этой логистической модели в России и мире на основе анализа источников и практических реализаций

Off-axis electron holography of bacterial cells and magnetic nanoparticles in liquid

The mapping of electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields in liquids usingelectron holography has been considered to be unrealistic. Here, we showthat hydrated cells ofMagnetospirillum magneticumstrain AMB-1 and assem-blies of magnetic nanoparticles can be studied using off-axis electronholography in a fluid cell specimen holder within the transmission electronmicroscope. Considering that the holographic object and reference waveboth pass through liquid, the recorded electron holograms show sufficientinterference fringe contrast to permit reconstruction of the phase shift ofthe electron wave and mapping of the magnetic induction from bacterialmagnetite nanocrystals. We assess the challenges of performingin situmagne-tization reversal experiments using a fluid cell specimen holder, discussapproaches for improving spatial resolution and specimen stability, and outlinefuture perspectives for studying scientific phenomena, ranging from interpar-ticle interactions in liquids and electrical double layers at solid–liquidinterfaces to biomineralization and the mapping of electrostatic potentialsassociated with protein aggregation and folding

CRISPR / CAS9 and its application in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases

This article deals with the existing methods of treatment and modeling of cardiovascular diseases using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies. The most promising areas of application of genome editing in CVD were identified, as well as all the advantages and disadvantages of the possible use of CRISPR / Cas9 in clinical practice.В статье рассмотрены существующие способы лечения и моделирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний с помощью технологий редактирования генома CRISPR/Cas9. В ходе работы выделены наиболее перспективные направления применения редактирования генома в ССЗ, а также приведены все достоинства и недостатки возможного применения CRISPR/Cas9 в клинической практике.

Microservice Transition and its Granularity Problem: A Systematic Mapping Study

Microservices have gained wide recognition and acceptance in software industries as an emerging architectural style for autonomic, scalable, and more reliable computing. The transition to microservices has been highly motivated by the need for better alignment of technical design decisions with improving value potentials of architectures. Despite microservices' popularity, research still lacks disciplined understanding of transition and consensus on the principles and activities underlying "micro-ing" architectures. In this paper, we report on a systematic mapping study that consolidates various views, approaches and activities that commonly assist in the transition to microservices. The study aims to provide a better understanding of the transition; it also contributes a working definition of the transition and technical activities underlying it. We term the transition and technical activities leading to microservice architectures as microservitization. We then shed light on a fundamental problem of microservitization: microservice granularity and reasoning about its adaptation as first-class entities. This study reviews state-of-the-art and -practice related to reasoning about microservice granularity; it reviews modelling approaches, aspects considered, guidelines and processes used to reason about microservice granularity. This study identifies opportunities for future research and development related to reasoning about microservice granularity.Comment: 36 pages including references, 6 figures, and 3 table

Fluctuations in measured radioactive decay rates inside a modified Faraday cage: Correlations with space weather

[EN] For several years, reports have been published about fluctuations in measured radioactive decay time-series and in some instances linked to astrophysical as well as classical environmental influences. Anomalous behaviors of radioactive decay measurement and measurement of capacitance inside and outside a modified Faraday cage were documented by our group in previous work. In the present report, we present an in-depth analysis of our measurement with regard to possible correlations with space weather, i.e. the geomagnetic activity (GMA) and cosmic-ray activity (CRA). Our analysis revealed that the decay and capacitance time-series are statistically significantly correlated with GMA and CRA when specific conditions are met. The conditions are explained in detail and an outlook is given on how to further investigate this important finding. Our discovery is relevant for all researchers investigating radioactive decay measurements since they point out that the space weather condition during the measurement is relevant for partially explaining the observed variability.This work has been partially financed by: grant no. 20170764 (Equipos de deteccion, regulacion e informacion en el sector de los sistemas inteligentes de transporte (ITS). Nuevos modelos y ensayos de compatibilidad y verificacion de funcionamiento) (Spain), by grant no. RTI2018-102256-B-I00 (Spain), by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) under project Bioingenieria de las Radiaciones Ionizantes. Biorad (PROMETEO/2018/035) and the project MEMO RADION (IDIFEDER/2018/038) co-financed by the Programa Operativo del Fondo Social Europeo 2014-2020", and by grant No.075-00845-20-01 (Russia).Milián-Sánchez, V.; Scholkmann, F.; Fernández De Córdoba, P.; Mocholí Salcedo, A.; Mocholí-Belenguer, F.; Iglesias-Martínez, ME.; Castro-Palacio, JC.... (2020). 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