Characterization of silicon-gate CMOS/SOS integrated circuits processed with ion implantation

Progress in developing the application of ion implantation techniques to silicon gate CMOS/SOS processing is described. All of the conventional doping techniques such as in situ doping of the epi-film and diffusion by means of doped oxides are replaced by ion implantation. Various devices and process parameters are characterized to generate an optimum process by the use of an existing SOS test array. As a result, excellent circuit performance is achieved. A general description of the all ion implantation process is presented

Characterization of silicon-gate CMOS/SOS integrated circuits processed with ion implantation

The double layer metallization technology applied on p type silicon gate CMOS/SOS integrated circuits is described. A smooth metal surface was obtained by using the 2% Si-sputtered Al. More than 10% probe yield was achieved on solar cell controller circuit TCS136 (or MSFC-SC101). Reliability tests were performed on 15 arrays at 150 C. Only three arrays failed during the burn in, and 18 arrays out of 22 functioning arrays maintained the leakage current below 100 milli-A. Analysis indicates that this technology will be a viable process if the metal short circuit problem between the two metals can be reduced

P-channel silicone gate FET

Modified fabrication technique for P-channel MOSFET devices eliminates problems involving gate placement and gate overlap. Technique provides self-aligned gate, eliminating complexity of mask aligning. Devices produced by this process are considerably faster than conventional MOSFET's and process increases yield

Design, modeling, and analysis of multi-channel demultiplexer/demodulator

Traditionally, satellites have performed the function of a simple repeater. Newer data distribution satellite architectures, however, require demodulation of many frequency division multiplexed uplink channels by a single demultiplexer/demodulator unit, baseband processing and routing of individual voice/data circuits, and remodulation into time division multiplexed (TDM) downlink carriers. The TRW MCDD (Multichannel Demultiplexer/Multirate Demodulator) operates on a 37.4 MHz composite input signal. Individual channel data rates are either 64 Kbps or 2.048 Mbps. The wideband demultiplexer divides the input signal into 1.44 MHz segments containing either a single 2.048 Mbps channel or thirty two 64 Kbps channels. In the latter case, the narrowband demultiplexer further divides the single 1.44 MHz wideband channel into thirty two 45 KHz narrowband channels. With this approach the time domain Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) channelizer processing capacity is matched well to the bandwidth and number of channels to be demultiplexed. By using a multirate demodulator fewer demodulators are required while achieving greater flexibility. Each demodulator can process a wideband channel or thirty two narrowband channels. Either all wideband channels, a mixture of wideband and narrowband channels, or all narrowband channels can be demodulated. The multirate demodulator approach also has lower nonrecurring costs since only one design and development effort is needed. TRW has developed a proof of concept (POC) model which fully demonstrates the signal processing fuctions of MCDD. It is capable of processing either three 2.048 Mbps channels or two 2.048 Mbps channels and thirty two 64 Kbps channels. An overview of important MCDD system engineering issues is presented as well as discussion on some of the Block Oriented System Simulation analyses performed for design verification and selection of operational parameters of the POC model. Systems engineering analysis of the POC model confirmed that the MCDD concepts are not only achievable but also balance the joint goals of minimizing on-board complexity and cost of ground equipment, while retaining the flexibility needed to meet a wide range of system requirements

Specht Polytopes and Specht Matroids

The generators of the classical Specht module satisfy intricate relations. We introduce the Specht matroid, which keeps track of these relations, and the Specht polytope, which also keeps track of convexity relations. We establish basic facts about the Specht polytope, for example, that the symmetric group acts transitively on its vertices and irreducibly on its ambient real vector space. A similar construction builds a matroid and polytope for a tensor product of Specht modules, giving "Kronecker matroids" and "Kronecker polytopes" instead of the usual Kronecker coefficients. We dub this process of upgrading numbers to matroids and polytopes "matroidification," giving two more examples. In the course of describing these objects, we also give an elementary account of the construction of Specht modules different from the standard one. Finally, we provide code to compute with Specht matroids and their Chow rings.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figure

Economic Reforms and Constitutional Transition

This paper investigates the relationship between economic reforms and constitutional transition, which has been neglected by many transition economists. It is argued that assessment of reform performance might be very misleading if it is not recognized that economic reforms are just a small part of large scale of constitutional transition. Rivalry and competition between states and between political forces within each country are the driving forces for constitutional transition. We use Russia as an example of economic reforms associated with constitutional transition and China as an example of economic reforms in the absence of constitutional transition to examine features and problems in the two patterns of transition. It is concluded that under political monopoly of the ruling party, economic transition will be hijacked by state opportunism. Dual track approach to economic transition may generate very high long-term cost of constitutional transition that might well outweigh its short-term benefit of buying out the vested interests.constitutional transition, economic reform, division of labor, debate of shock therapy vs gradualism, debate of convergence vs institutional innovation

Cudgel or Carrot: How \u3cem\u3eRoper v. Simmons\u3c/em\u3e Will Affect Plea Bargaining in the Juvenile System

In 2005, the United States Supreme Court held, in Roper v. Simmons, that the execution of convicted juveniles violated the Eighth Amendment\u27s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. In addressing the issue, the Court determined that a national consensus had developed against the execution of juveniles. Ultimately, a majority of the court decided that a national public consensus had been reached against the execution of juveniles under 18 in age. With Roper, no longer can juveniles of any age be executed. This decision will undoubtedly affect the entire juvenile penal system, from how cases enter the system, to how they exit the system. And in a system so reliant on plea bargaining, Roper has now removed the ultimate retributive factor-the possibility that a jury will sentence the juvenile to death-from the prosecutor\u27s deck of cards. No longer can the prosecutor seek the death penalty in juvenile cases, in order to receive a plea bargain for a lesser sentence. This comment examines the effect Roper v. Simmons will have on plea bargaining in the juvenile system

Quantification of Macroscopic Quantum Superpositions within Phase Space

Based on phase-space structures of quantum states, we propose a novel measure to quantify macroscopic quantum superpositions. Our measure simultaneously quantifies two different kinds of essential information for a given quantum state in a harmonious manner: the degree of quantum coherence and the effective size of the physical system that involves the superposition. It enjoys remarkably good analytical and algebraic properties. It turns out to be the most general and inclusive measure ever proposed that it can be applied to any types of multipartite states and mixed states represented in phase space.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Modulation of cell signalling by human coronavirus HKU1 S and M proteins

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