INVESTIGATION INTO THE COMPETITIVE PARTITIONING OF DISSOCIATED H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e AND D\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e ON ACTIVATED FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYSTS

The Fischer-Tropsch process, discovered in the early to mid-1920s, still has researchers disputing the C1 monomer, and the rate-determining step. A tremendous amount of work, over the years, has focused on how hydrogen plays a role in the pseudo-polymerization of chain initiation and propagation, in an attempt to reveal the mechanism. These investigations attempted to elucidate the debated issues through studying the kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) for CO hydrogenation by switching the syngas from CO/H2 to CO/D2 during a steady-state period. Applying this switching step could result in a deviation in the rate of CO hydrogenation, indicating a KIE. However, results for this process were still not fully clear as not all observations agreed, which indicated that the KIE could be the result of a combination of how hydrogen interacts thermodynamically (adsorption) and kinetically (CO hydrogenation) in FT synthesis. That is, hydrogen must be activated through dissociative adsorption before interacting in CO hydrogenation. Thus, the primary emphasis of this dissertation is to focus upon how the dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen and deuterium atoms are apportioned upon the surface of an active Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst, pinpointing whether competitive adsorption is muddling the KIE for CO hydrogenation

Rad Rivers in Rad Places: Characterizing the Historical and Future Whitewater Resources in Select Regions of the United States

Outdoor recreation is a highly profitable industry in the United States. In 2021, outdoor recreation accounted for $454.0 billion, or 1.9% of the current-dollar gross domestic product for the nation. Many states have benefited financially from focusing on promoting their outdoor recreation and natural resources. Whitewater (WW) paddling has been a recreational activity since the 1950s. In 2007 there were an estimated 1.2 million participants in whitewater kayaking. As of 2020, that number increased to 2.6 million, doubling the number of participants. WW resources can be leveraged to reshape local and regional economies. The framework developed in this study provides stakeholders with a powerful tool for quantifying boatable days now and into the future. Any stakeholder can use the boatable day analysis framework to help determine when and where to prioritize whitewater recreation, economic development, and investment by understanding the asset historically and into the future. Boatable days were calculated for select whitewater runs throughout seven whitewater regions. The results show that boatable days range from plentiful to infrequent across the regions. Given the strong seasonality of hydrology throughout the regions because of altered precipitation characteristics in terms of seasonal timing, frequency, and intensity, seasonal boatable days are more informative for understanding when the whitewater runs are boatable and for how long. Whether emissions match the RCP4.5 or RCP8.5 scenario in the future, changes are similar, though the magnitude and direction of change vary between regions

\u3ci\u3e Naughty or Nice \u3c/i\u3e

Charles Michael Dare put the cat down, and I mean do it now! Pesker-cat watched the kitty-litter gray carpet rush toward his face. Chuckie Dare shrugged his shoulders. Gee, Mom, I thought cats were always suppose to land on their feet

Human Trafficking: Exploration of Best Practices for Restoration and Integration for Survivors in Southeastern United States

Domestic human trafficking, especially of minors, has become a serious though largely invisible issue in the United States. There are, however, organizations and policies in place that have become active in caring for, restoring and reintegrating those survivors who have been able to escape. Through the perspectives of service providers, this exploratory qualitative study examines the factors of vulnerability of victims, the issues that support reintegration for survivors and the best practices as well as indicators of success when caring for survivors. This was accomplished through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with representatives from various social service agencies in Georgia that are involved with human trafficking. This research fills the gap in literature by adding to the best practices for aftercare of survivors of human trafficking

Solid propellant rocket motor

The characteristics of a solid propellant rocket engine with a controlled rate of thrust buildup to a desired thrust level are discussed. The engine uses a regressive burning controlled flow solid propellant igniter and a progressive burning main solid propellant charge. The igniter is capable of operating in a vacuum and sustains the burning of the propellant below its normal combustion limit until the burning propellant surface and combustion chamber pressure have increased sufficiently to provide a stable chamber pressure

Baryons in QCD_{AS} at Large N_c: A Roundabout Approach

QCD_{AS}, a variant of large N_c QCD in which quarks transform under the color two-index antisymmetric representation, reduces to standard QCD at N_c = 3 and provides an alternative to the usual large N_c extrapolation that uses fundamental representation quarks. Previous strong plausibility arguments assert that the QCD_{AS} baryon mass scales as N_c^2; however, the complicated combinatoric problem associated with quarks carrying two color indices impeded a complete demonstration. We develop a diagrammatic technique to solve this problem. The key ingredient is the introduction of an effective multi-gluon vertex: a "traffic circle" or "roundabout" diagram. We show that arbitrarily complicated diagrams can be reduced to simple ones with the same leading N_c scaling using this device, and that the leading contribution to baryon mass does, in fact, scale as N_c^2.Comment: 9 pages, 9 pdf figures, ReVTeX with pdflate

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Abnormal splitting of ethyl groups due to molecular asymmetry

Nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy provides an excellent means for qualitative identification of ethyl groups by use of the familiar three-four pattern of spin-spin splitting (1). It has been observed previously (2) that the methylene protons of systems of the type R-CH2-CR1R2R3 (where R1 can be the same as R or different) may be magnetically nonequivalent and display AB rather than A2-type spectra (3). We now wish to report several examples of this type of behavior with ethyl groups, particularly ethoxy groups, knowledge of which could be important to anyone using n.m.r. for organic qualitative analysis

UV camera conceptual designs for TMT Fiber WFOS

This paper discusses refractive, reflective and catadioptric designs for the Thirty Meter Telescope Fiber Wide Field Optical Spectrograph (WFOS) instrument concept. Custom macros were written to evaluate performance at the detector plane with the grating at the pupil as a function of fiber position in the pseudo-slit and wavelength, and a tolerance analysis has been performed for each design based on best engineering practices to assess performance robustness against opto-mechanical errors. The catadioptric camera appears to provide the best compromise in this regard