Microorganisms from aphid honeydew attract and enhance the efficacy of natural enemies

Aphids are one of the most serious pests of crops worldwide, causing major yield and economic losses. To control aphids, natural enemies could be an option but their efficacy is sometimes limited by their dispersal in natural environment. Here we report the first isolation of a bacterium from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum honeydew, Staphylococcus sciuri, which acts as a kairomone enhancing the efficiency of aphid natural enemies. Our findings represent the first case of a host-associated bacterium driving prey location and ovipositional preference for the natural enemy. We show that this bacterium has a key role in tritrophic interactions because it is the direct source of volatiles used to locate prey. Some specific semiochemicals produced by S. sciuri were also identified as significant attractants and ovipositional stimulants. The use of this host-associated bacterium could certainly provide a novel approach to control aphids in field and greenhouse systems

Prospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the Internal Medicine ward of Hospital Durand: study protocol

Fil: Melendi, Santiago E. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, María M. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Salas, Cintia E. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Aguirre, Camila. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Baleta, María L. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Balsano, Facundo J. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Caldano, Mariano G. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Colignon, María G. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Oliveira Brasil, Thayana De. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Wolodimeroff, Nicolás de. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Déramo Aquino, Andrea I. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Fernández de Córdova, Ana G. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Fontan, María B. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Galvagno, Florencia I. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Haedo, Mariana F. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Iturrieta Araya, Noelia S. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Mollinedo Cruz,Volga S. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Olivero, Agustín. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Pestalardo, Ignacio. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Ricciardi, María. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Saltos Navarrete, Jandry D. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Vera Rueda, María L. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Villaverde, María C. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Xavier, Franco B. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Lauko, Marcela. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Ujeda, Carlos. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Leis, Rocío. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.INTRODUCCIÓN: Conocer los predictores de mala evolución en pacientes con Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) permite identificar de forma temprana a los pacientes con peor pronóstico, aportando mejores herramientas a la hora de tomar decisiones clínicas. Se presenta el protocolo de un estudio de cohorte cuyo objetivo principal es identificar factores de riesgo de infección severa, critica y mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica del Hospital Durand (Buenos Aires, Argentina). MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo con base en un único centro. Se incluirá a todos los pacientes que ingresen al servicio de Clínica Médica con diagnóstico de COVID-19 durante el periodo de estudio. Se recolectarán las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de laboratorio, radiológicas y los datos de tratamiento, al ingreso y al momento del alta o muerte hospitalaria. El evento final primario es la muerte en la internación; los eventos secundarios son el desarrollo de enfermedad grave y enfermedad crítica, la internación en unidad cerrada y el requerimiento de asistencia respiratoria mecánica

Prospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the Internal Medicine ward of Hospital Durand: study protocol

Fil: Melendi, Santiago E. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, María M. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Salas, Cintia E. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Aguirre, Camila. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Baleta, María L. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Balsano, Facundo J. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Caldano, Mariano G. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Colignon, María G. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Oliveira Brasil, Thayana De. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Wolodimeroff, Nicolás de. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Déramo Aquino, Andrea I. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Fernández de Córdova, Ana G. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Fontan, María B. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Galvagno, Florencia I. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Haedo, Mariana F. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Iturrieta Araya, Noelia S. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Mollinedo Cruz,Volga S. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Olivero, Agustín. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Pestalardo, Ignacio. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Ricciardi, María. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Saltos Navarrete, Jandry D. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Vera Rueda, María L. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Villaverde, María C. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Xavier, Franco B. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Lauko, Marcela. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Ujeda, Carlos. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.Fil: Leis, Rocío. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand; Argentina.INTRODUCCIÓN: Conocer los predictores de mala evolución en pacientes con Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) permite identificar de forma temprana a los pacientes con peor pronóstico, aportando mejores herramientas a la hora de tomar decisiones clínicas. Se presenta el protocolo de un estudio de cohorte cuyo objetivo principal es identificar factores de riesgo de infección severa, critica y mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica del Hospital Durand (Buenos Aires, Argentina). MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo con base en un único centro. Se incluirá a todos los pacientes que ingresen al servicio de Clínica Médica con diagnóstico de COVID-19 durante el periodo de estudio. Se recolectarán las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de laboratorio, radiológicas y los datos de tratamiento, al ingreso y al momento del alta o muerte hospitalaria. El evento final primario es la muerte en la internación; los eventos secundarios son el desarrollo de enfermedad grave y enfermedad crítica, la internación en unidad cerrada y el requerimiento de asistencia respiratoria mecánica

Critical Organizations

As new paradigms of organizational research are developed, a key task will be the selection and investigation of organizations which have important social impact. In this article a category of organizations which are crucial for the development of society is identified. The relation between these critical organizations and the society is described along with the research problems implied by this relationship. Three examples of critical organizations are discussed

The effect of electron-phonon interaction in iron-doped III-V cubic semiconductors

A theoretical study of optical absorption and emission measurements of Fe2+ as a substitutional impurity in InP and GaP is presented. A new interpretation of the low-temperature absorption spectrum is proposed based on a weak Jahn-Teller interaction between the electronic excited states and a local gap mode of Gamma(5) symmetry. The model also includes the crystal potential, hybridization with the orbitals of the ligands of the host crystal, spin-orbit interaction and a weak dynamic Jahn-Teller coupling of the orbital ground state of Fe2+ with transverse acoustic phonons of Gamma(3) symmetry. The theoretical model describes with good accuracy the measured positions and relative intensities of the spectral lines. In addition, the mass dependence of the local gap mode of Gamma(5) symmetry reproduces the general features of the fine structures associated with the isotopic shifts of the zero-phonon line and the contribution to the isotopic shifts arising from the difference in zero-point energy between the initial and final states of the transition is evaluated

Isotope splitting of the zero-phonon line of Fe2+ in cubic III-V semiconductors

A theoretical study of the isotopic-mass dependence of the internal transitions of Fe2+ at a cation site in a cubic zinc-blende semiconductor is presented. The model used is based on crystal-field theory and includes the spin-orbit interaction and a weak dynamic Jahn-Teller coupling between the (5) Gamma(5) excited manifold of Fe2+ and a local vibrational mode (LVM) of Gamma(5) symmetry. The mass dependence of the LVM frequency is described, in the harmonic approximation, within two different limits: the rigid-cage model and a molecular model. In the rigid-cage model, the Fe2+ ion undergoes a displacement but the rest of the lattice is fixed. In this case, a simple M-1/2 dependence of the frequency is obtained and the Jahn-Teller energy, E-JT, is independent of the mass. In the molecular model, the four nearest neighbors of the magnetic ion are allowed to move and the LVM then behaves as the Gamma(5) mode of a MX4 tetrahedral molecule leading to a more complicated dependence of the frequency on the isotopic mass and to a mass-dependence of E-JT. The theoretical results obtained with these two models are compared with the observed isotopic shifts of the zero-phonon lines in InP:Fe and GaP:Fe corresponding to an optical transition between the vibronic Gamma(1) ground state and the lowest Gamma(5) state originating from the (5) Gamma(5) excited orbital multiplet. A prediction of the isotopic shifts of the zero-phonon line in GaAs:Fe is also presented. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd

The exploitation of Talibé children in Mauritania

Talibés are children, usually boys, who have been sent to Koranic schools, also known as daaras. This is a widespread phenomenon in French-speaking West Africa

Men under pressure: representations of the `salaryman' and his organization in Japanese manga

In this article we analyse representations of the Japanese salaryman and Japanese organization in Japanese manga, or graphic novels, during the turbulent decades from the mid-1980s to the present day. We argue that manga presents salarymen protagonists in a sympathetic yet not uncritical light, and that it displays support for and criticism of both the Japanese and American organizational models. We describe how these manga offer important critical challenges from the world of popular culture to the direction of change in Japanese business organizations since the 1980s. In addition, we suggest that the manga may also provide salarymen with opportunities for critically re-evaluating their own working situations and for developing methods for surviving and thriving under the pressures of working within contemporary Japanese business organizations