443 research outputs found

    Hubungan Perbandingan Total Nitrogen dan Total Fosfor dengan Kelimpahan Chrysophyta di Perairan Waduk Panglima Besar Soedirman, Banjarnegara

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    Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) affect the growth of phytoplankton in the waters. Nitrogen is an important part in forming protein in organisms, while phosphorus is the most essential element for growth and contributes in protein formation and cell metabolism in organisms. The activities from the catchment area that enter into the P.B Soedirman Reservoir can affect both concentration of N and P. The comparison total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) is the limiting factor to affect the growth of phytoplankton. Chrysophyta is one of division from phytoplankton that has function as an important component in the food chain and become as natural feed for fish. This research showed the abundance of Chrysophyta, relations of TN with the abundance of Chrysophyta; TP with the abundance of Chrysophyta; TN/TP with the abundance of Chrysophyta; TN, TP, TN/TP with the abundance Chrysophyta in the P.B Soedirman Reservoir, Banjarnegara Regency. This research used survey method with purposive sampling technique on 7 observation stations with 3 repeating. The relation of TN/TP with the abundance of Chrysophyta were analyzed used correlation regression - correlation analyzis. The results of the research showed that total abundance Chrysophyta was between 339-9570 ind/l, relation between TN/TP with the abundance of Chrysophyta with the degree was weak to very strong correlation. The most affection correlation was shown by of TN, TP, TN/TP collectively with the abundance of Chrysophyta with coefficient value (r) of 0,890 with the strength of the relation of 79,3%. The regression analysis of TN, TP, TN/TP collectively with the abundance of Chrysophyta was shown by the equation Y= – 80987,801 – 8499,931TN + 1,684TP + 406,373TN/TP

    Analisa Indeks Biaya Untuk Pekerjaan Beton Bertulang Dengan Menggunakan Metode Sni 7394-2008 Dan Lapangan (Studi Kasus Pada Proyek Pembangunan Asrama STIKES Chmk Tahap III)

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    The index cost affect the amount of unit price construction work. Cost index used in the calculation analysis of unit price refers to the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). SNI describe about the average labor productivity in Indonesia. Labor productivity are different depend on work experience, cultural origins, and the others. This study was conducted to know the costs index of labor in Kupang by took one of case study on STIKES CHMK Dormitory Construction Project in third Phased. Cost index of reinforced concrete in this project, obtained by doingreal observation for the total of labor and time required to complete each item of reinforced concrete, especially the workfrom column,beam and plate and it began from the work of iron, formwork, casting up to demolition formwork.Then the observationsresult were analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis result, the amount of the cost index is 0.0208 foreman: 0.0377 the head of handyman: 0.09929 handyman: 0.2502 worker to install 1m2 formwork, 0.0044 foreman: 0.0177 the head of handyman: 0.0268 handyman : 0.0796 worker to work 10 kg iron, and 0.0340 foreman: 0.0272 the head of handyman: 0.1427 handyman: 1.1888 worker to make 1m3concrete. This index used in the analysis of the differentation of labor presentage based on SNI and field method and continued with the calculation of unit price for each work item which used SNI and field method

    A Composite HST Spectrum of Quasars

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    We construct a composite quasar spectrum from 284 HST FOS spectra of 101 quasars with redshifts z > 0.33. The spectrum covers the wavelengths between 350 and 3000 A in the rest frame. There is a significant steepening of the continuum slope around 1050 A. The continuum between 1050 and 2200 A can be modeled as a power law with alpha = -0.99. For the full sample the power-law index in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) between 350 and 1050 A is alpha = -1.96. The continuum flux in the wavelengths near the Lyman limit shows a depression of about 10 percent. The break in the power-law index and the slight depression of the continuum near the Lyman limit are features expected in Comptonized accretion-disk spectra.Comment: 10 figures To appear in the February 1, 1997, issue of the Ap.

    An exposure prevention rating method for intervention needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation

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    This article describes a new method for (1) systematically prioritizing needs for intervention on hazardous substance exposures in manufacturing work sites, and (2) evaluating intervention effectiveness. We developed a checklist containing six unique sets of yes/no variables organized in a 2 × 3 matrix of exposure potential versus protection (two columns) at the levels of materials, processes, and human interface (three rows). The three levels correspond to a simplified hierarchy of controls. Each of the six sets of indicator variables was reduced to a high/moderate/low rating. Ratings from the matrix were then combined to generate a single overall exposure prevention rating for each area. Reflecting the hierarchy of controls, material factors were weighted highest, followed by process, and then human interface. The checklist was filled out by an industrial hygienist while conducting a walk-through inspection (N = 131 manufacturing processes/areas in 17 large work sites). One area or process per manufacturing department was assessed and rated. Based on the resulting Exposure Prevention ratings, we concluded that exposures were well controlled in the majority of areas assessed (64% with rating of 1 or 2 on a 6-point scale), that there is some room for improvement in 26 percent of areas (rating of 3 or 4), and that roughly 10 percent of the areas assessed are urgently in need of intervention (rated as 5 or 6). A second hygienist independently assessed a subset of areas to evaluate inter-rater reliability. The reliability of the overall exposure prevention ratings was excellent (weighted kappa = 0.84). The rating scheme has good discriminatory power and reliability and shows promise as a broadly applicable and inexpensive tool for intervention needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation. Validation studies are needed as a next step. This assessment method complements quantitative exposure assessment with an upstream prevention focus

    Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib

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    BACKGROUND: Most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have no response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, about 10 percent of patients have a rapid and often dramatic clinical response. The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity to gefitinib are unknown. METHODS: We searched for mutations in the EGFR gene in primary tumors from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who had a response to gefitinib, those who did not have a response, and those who had not been exposed to gefitinib. The functional consequences of identified mutations were evaluated after the mutant proteins were expressed in cultured cells. RESULTS: Somatic mutations were identified in the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene in eight of nine patients with gefitinib-responsive lung cancer, as compared with none of the seven patients with no response (P<0.001). Mutations were either small, in-frame deletions or amino acid substitutions clustered around the ATP-binding pocket of the tyrosine kinase domain. Similar mutations were detected in tumors from 2 of 25 patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer who had not been exposed to gefitinib (8 percent). All mutations were heterozygous, and identical mutations were observed in multiple patients, suggesting an additive specific gain of function. In vitro, EGFR mutants demonstrated enhanced tyrosine kinase activity in response to epidermal growth factor and increased sensitivity to inhibition by gefitinib. CONCLUSIONS: A subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have specific mutations in the EGFR gene, which correlate with clinical responsiveness to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. These mutations lead to increased growth factor signaling and confer susceptibility to the inhibitor. Screening for such mutations in lung cancers may identify patients who will have a response to gefitinib
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