Hyper-chaotic magnetisation dynamics of two interacting dipoles

The present work is a numerical study of the deterministic spin dynamics of two interacting anisotropic magnetic particles in the presence of a time-dependent external magnetic field using the Landau–Lifshitz equation. Particles are coupled through the dipole–dipole interaction. The applied magnetic field is made of a constant longitudinal amplitude component and a time-dependent transversal amplitude component. Dynamical states obtained are represented by their Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams. The dependence on the largest and the second largest Lyapunov exponents, as a function of the magnitude and frequency of the applied magnetic field, and the relative distance between particles, is studied. The system presents multiple transitions between regular and chaotic behaviour depending on the control parameters. In particular, the system presents consistent hyper-chaotic states

Magnetic hallmarks of viscous electron flow in graphene

We propose a protocol to identify spatial hallmarks of viscous electron flow in graphene and other two-dimensional viscous electron fluids. We predict that the profile of the magnetic field generated by hydrodynamic electron currents flowing in confined geometries displays unambiguous features linked to whirlpools and backflow near current injectors. We also show that the same profile sheds light on the nature of the boundary conditions describing friction exerted on the electron fluid by the edges of the sample. Our predictions are within reach of vector magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centers embedded in a diamond slab mounted onto a graphene layer.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Acercamiento social e ideológico a las jácaras de Quevedo. «Carta del Escarramán a la Méndez»

Este artículo trata de inscribir el fenómeno de las jácaras de Quevedo —haciendo especial hincapié en «Carta del Escarramán a la Méndez »— en sus específicas coordenadas históricas. Las jácaras de Quevedo son una representación del mundo del hampa en la sociedad española de los Siglos de Oro. Por ello ha resultado imprescindible tratar primero el tema de la pobreza como un enunciado social para después interpretar su enunciado literario. Se investiga en este artículo la matriz ideológica que impulsa a Quevedo, un poeta organicista, a escribir sobre —y no sólo a escribir, sino a otorgarle la voz a— delincuentes, prostitutas y demás personajes hampescos

The q\textit{q}-metric naked singularity: A viable explanation for the nature of the central object in the Milky Way

In this work, we investigate whether the compact object at the center of the Milky Way is a naked singularity described by the $\textit{q}$-metric spacetime. Our fitting of the astrometric and spectroscopic data for the S2 star implies that similarly to the Schwarzschild black hole, the $\textit{q}$-metric naked singularity offers a satisfactory fit to the observed measurements. Additionally, it is shown that the shadow produced by the naked singularity is consistent with the shadow observed by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration for Sgr-A*. It is worth mentioning that the spatial distribution of the S-stars favors the notion that the compact object at the center of our Galaxy can be described by an almost static spacetime. Based on these findings, the $\textit{q}$-metric naked singularity turns up as a compelling candidate for further investigation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Global Trajectory Optimisation : Can We Prune the Solution Space When Considering Deep Space Manoeuvres? [Final Report]

This document contains a report on the work done under the ESA/Ariadna study 06/4101 on the global optimization of space trajectories with multiple gravity assist (GA) and deep space manoeuvres (DSM). The study was performed by a joint team of scientists from the University of Reading and the University of Glasgow

Displaced geostationary orbit design using hybrid sail propulsion

Because of an increase in the number of geostationary spacecraft and the limits imposed by east–west spacing requirements, the geostationary orbit is becoming congested. To increase its capacity, this paper proposes to create new geostationary slots by displacing the geostationary orbit either out of or in the equatorial plane by means of hybrid solar sail and solar electric propulsion. To minimize propellant consumption, optimal steering laws for the solar sail and solar-electric-propulsion thrust vectors are derived and the performance in terms of mission lifetime is assessed. For comparison, similar analyses are performed for conventional propulsion, including impulsive and pure solar electric propulsion. It is shown that hybrid sails outperform these propulsion techniques and that out-of-plane displacements outperform in-plane displacements. The out-of-plane case is therefore further investigated in a spacecraft mass budget to determine the payload mass capacity. Finally, two transfers that enable a further improvement of the performance of hybrid sails for the out-of-plane case are optimized using a direct pseudospectral method: a seasonal transit between orbits displaced above and below the equatorial plane and a transit to a parking orbit when geostationary coverage is not needed. Both transfers are shown to require only a modest propellant budget, outweighing the improvements they can establish

Use of functional imaging across clinical phases in CNS drug development

The use of novel brain biomarkers using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging holds potential of making central nervous system (CNS) drug development more efficient. By evaluating changes in brain function in the disease state or drug effects on brain function, the technology opens up the possibility of obtaining objective data on drug effects in the living awake brain. By providing objective data, imaging may improve the probability of success of identifying useful drugs to treat CNS diseases across all clinical phases (I–IV) of drug development. The evolution of functional imaging and the promise it holds to contribute to drug development will require the development of standards (including good imaging practice), but, if well integrated into drug development, functional imaging can define markers of CNS penetration, drug dosing and target engagement (even for drugs that are not amenable to positron emission tomography imaging) in phase I; differentiate objective measures of efficacy and side effects and responders vs non-responders in phase II, evaluate differences between placebo and drug in phase III trials and provide insights into disease modification in phase IV trials

Weakly open sets in the unit ball of some Banach spaces and the centralizer

AbstractWe show that every Banach space X whose centralizer is infinite-dimensional satisfies that every non-empty weakly open set in BY has diameter 2, where Y=⊗ˆN,s,πX (N-fold symmetric projective tensor product of X, endowed with the symmetric projective norm), for every natural number N. We provide examples where the above conclusion holds that includes some spaces of operators and infinite-dimensional C∗-algebras. We also prove that every non-empty weak∗ open set in the unit ball of the space of N-homogeneous and integral polynomials on X has diameter two, for every natural number N, whenever the Cunningham algebra of X is infinite-dimensional. Here we consider the space of N-homogeneous integral polynomials as the dual of the space ⊗ˆN,s,εX (N-fold symmetric injective tensor product of X, endowed with the symmetric injective norm). For instance, every infinite-dimensional L1(μ) satisfies that its Cunningham algebra is infinite-dimensional. We obtain the same result for every non-reflexive L-embedded space, and so for every predual of an infinite-dimensional von Neumann algebra

Sources and Sinks of Diversification and Conservation Priorities for the Mexican Tropical Dry Forest

Elucidating the geographical history of diversification is critical for inferring where future diversification may occur and thus could be a valuable aid in determining conservation priorities. However, it has been difficult to recognize areas with a higher likelihood of promoting diversification. We reconstructed centres of origin of lineages and identified areas in the Mexican tropical dry forest that have been important centres of diversification (sources) and areas where species are maintained but where diversification is less likely to occur (diversity sinks). We used a molecular phylogeny of the genus Bursera, a dominant member of the forest, along with information on current species distributions. Results indicate that vast areas of the forest have historically functioned as diversity sinks, generating few or no extant Bursera lineages. Only a few areas have functioned as major engines of diversification. Long-term preservation of biodiversity may be promoted by incorporation of such knowledge in decision-making