Characterization of Indigenous Rhizobacterial Isolates from Healthy Chilli Rhizosphere Capable of Inducing Resistance Against Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides).

Antrachnose disease on chilli caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is difficult to be controlled because the disease can be transmitted through the seeds, and has a high genetic diversity. One of promising alternative control is using biological control agents, such as groups of rhizobacteria. The objective of this research were : to characterize the morphology, physiology and molecular of selected rhizobacterial isolates, which were capable of controlling the anthracnose disease and to enhance the growth and yield chilli. Three rhizobacterial isolates (B1.37, B2.11 and P1.31) were used. These isolates were indentified based on morphology (colony form, elevation, edge, and color), physiology (gram tes, the production of hormone IAA, chitinase enzyme, hydrogen cyanide, and solvents phosphate) and molecular. The isolates were identified by using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that isolate B1.37 belonged to species of Bacillus cereus strain ML 267, isolate B2.11 belonged to Bacillus cereus strain LH8 and isolate P1.31 belonged to Chryseobacterium gleum strain NBRC 15054

Malayan Filariasis in the Transmigration Settlements of Parigi, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Salah satu program dari Rencana Pem­bangunan Nasional Lima tahun adalah pening­katan dan perluasan USAha pertanian, terutama didaerah subur dan berpenduduk tipis di Su­matera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi yang disertai dengan pelaksanaan USAha transmigrasi kedaerah ini dari daerah berpenduduk padat Jawa, Madu­ra, Bali dan Lombok. Untuk mengetahui keadaan fllariasis di­daerah tersebut pertama ini, maka dalam bulan April 1972 telah diperiksa 240 transmigran dari Bali dan 282 penduduk Sulawesi yang hidup berdampingan dalam dua kampung yang ter­pencil yaitu Tanalanto dan Masi didistrik Parigi, Sulawesi Tengah. Parigi dikenal endemis terhadap fllariasis sedang­kan di Bali dimana transmigran berasal, tidak dilaporkan adanya penyakit ini. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat di-kemukakan : daerah transmigrasi Parigi, Sulawesi Te­ngah adalah endemis terhadap fllariasis yang disebabkan oleh Brugia malayi, pe­riodik nokturna.timbulnya fllariasis diantara transmigran berhubungan erat dengan lamanya mere­ka berada didaerah endemis inibaik pada transmigran maupun pada pen­duduk asli, tidak nyata adanya perbedaan frekwensi penyakit menurut jenis kelamin.(4) Frekwensi penyakit ini pada transmigran terlihat menonjol pada golongan umur 10-49 tahun, sedangkan pada penduduk asli pada semua golongan umur.walaupun keadaan intensitas infeksi dari penyakit ini pada kedua golongan pen­duduk di Tanalanto, hampir sama, namun pada transmigran terdapat dengan micro­filaraemia dan dengan gejala klinis flla­riasis yang lebih ringan dibanding dengan penduduk asli

Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-virosine a via sequential nucleophilic cyclizations onto an activated formamide

Abstract: The first synthesis of tetracyclic alkaloid virosine A is reported. The natural alkaloid was prepared in only 13 steps, in an enantioenriched form. The azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core was efficiently assembled using a key Vilsmeier–Haack and Mannich cyclizations sequence performed in one pot

Antidesma montanum: biochemistry and bioactive compounds

Antidesma montanum is commonly known as a mountain currant tree. Its fruits and leaves are utilized locally for food and traditional medicine, meanwhile the stem is used as source of wood. The fruit contains bioactive constituents of steroid glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins that exhibited higher antioxidant activity than at certain concentrations of standard antioxidants (i.e. vitamin E, ascorbic acid, and trolox). The leave extracts known to inhibit the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in diabetic therapy. Furthermore, the leave extracts also possessed scavenging activity against both hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and inhibited the nitric oxide production. Meanwhile, another studies reported on the anti-inflammatory effect of Antidesma montanum, being used to treat eye diseases, and relieving chest pain. The leaves are used externally against headache and thrush in children, for diuretic and removing kidney stone, anti-dermatitis and skin disease curing effect. A tea from the leaves is used as a tonic for mothers after giving birth and applied topically to ulcers and lumbar pains. The roots are used to treat measles, chickenpox, malaria, and stomach ache. Nevertheless, extensive research is needed to confirm the reputed beneficial effects of Antidesma montanum in traditional medicine

Requirement traceability model for agile development: results from empirical studies

Currently, it is crucial to develop software within the time frame given. Agile software development methodologies offer methods to develop a system in term of time and cost saving but has been criticized for not offering software quality management (a.k.a Non-Functional Requirement, NFR) properly. An empirical case study has been conducted used to find out the need of a traceability approach for NFR change impact in most of Agile software methodology (TANC). TANC is improved and further evaluated by using expert survey analysis method. Based on the results of the expert survey analysis TANC has been proven to fulfil the characteristics of the criteria that needed to be a traceability approach in Agile Software Development for tracing NFR change impact. Thus, this proves that TANC offered better way to trace change impact during the agile development process