Investigation of implantable multichannel biotelemetry Semiannual report, Mar. - Aug. 1968

Multichannel, physiologically implantable telemetering system for biological measurement

Investigation if implantable multichannel biotelemetry systems Semiannual report, Sep. 1967 - Feb. 1968

Operation and maintenance of multichannel, physiologically implantable telemetering systems for biological measurement

Advanced electronic technology and the design and development of an integral circuit, multi-channel telemetry system for bio-medical applications Final report, Mar. 1966 - Feb. 1969

Application of electronic technology to design and development of integrated circuit, telemetry system for biomedicin

Pengaruh Perbedaan Waktu Pelepasan Water Jacket dalam Proses Ekuilibrasi terhadap Kualitas Semen Beku Sapi Jawa pada Tahap Before Freezing dan Post Thawing

This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of different water jacket release time on frozen semen quality with two step methods. The semen was collected from four heads Java cattle, extended with skim-egg yolk extender. The extended semen packed with water jacket then release with different time (treatments) T0 (35 minutes), T1 (10 minutes) and T2 (60 minutes) until all equilibration process was finish. Data analysis preparing with normality and homogenity testing, when the data was normal and homogeneous will be followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed average of semen quality before freezing T0; T1 and T2 for pH 6,27; 6,27 and 6,43; motility (%) 40,83; 36,67 and 32,50; live sperm percentage (%) 29,68; 33,97 and 22,20; sperm abnormality (%) 20,82; 13,26 and 14,16 respectively. Average of post thawing T0; T1 and T2 for pH 6,27; 6,27 and 6,27; motility (%) 5; 2,92 and 0,42; live sperm percentage (%) 11,21; 12,90 and 19,24; sperm abnormality (%) 22,11; 19,26 and 22,82 respectively. Statistical analysis showed the different water jacket release time did not significantly different (P>0,05) to quality semen of Java bulls at before freezing or post thawing observation

Viral population estimation using pyrosequencing

The diversity of virus populations within single infected hosts presents a major difficulty for the natural immune response as well as for vaccine design and antiviral drug therapy. Recently developed pyrophosphate based sequencing technologies (pyrosequencing) can be used for quantifying this diversity by ultra-deep sequencing of virus samples. We present computational methods for the analysis of such sequence data and apply these techniques to pyrosequencing data obtained from HIV populations within patients harboring drug resistant virus strains. Our main result is the estimation of the population structure of the sample from the pyrosequencing reads. This inference is based on a statistical approach to error correction, followed by a combinatorial algorithm for constructing a minimal set of haplotypes that explain the data. Using this set of explaining haplotypes, we apply a statistical model to infer the frequencies of the haplotypes in the population via an EM algorithm. We demonstrate that pyrosequencing reads allow for effective population reconstruction by extensive simulations and by comparison to 165 sequences obtained directly from clonal sequencing of four independent, diverse HIV populations. Thus, pyrosequencing can be used for cost-effective estimation of the structure of virus populations, promising new insights into viral evolutionary dynamics and disease control strategies.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure

Molecular characterization of adipose tissue in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Adipose tissue (AT) is a dynamic and flexible organ with regulatory roles in physiological functions including metabolism, reproduction and inflammation; secreted adipokines, including leptin, and fatty acids facilitate many of these roles. The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is experiencing serious challenges to optimal reproduction in captivity. The physiological and molecular basis of this impaired fertility remains unknown. AT production of leptin is a crucial molecular link between nutritional status, adiposity and fertility in many species. We propose that leptin has a similar function in the African elephant. African elephant visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) was obtained from both sexes and a range of ages including females with known pregnancy status. RNA was extracted and histological sections created and analyzed by microarray, PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Gas-chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid composition of AT. Microarray expression profiling was used to compare gene expression profiles of AT from pre-pubertal versus reproductively competent adult African elephants. This study demonstrates, for the first time, leptin mRNA and protein expression in African elephant AT. The derived protein sequence of the elephant leptin protein was exploited to determine its relationship within the class I helical cytokine superfamily, which indicates that elephant leptin is most closely related to the leptin orthologs of Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit), Lepus oiostolus (woolly hare), and members of the Ochotonidae (Pika). Immunohistological analysis identified considerable leptin staining within the cytoplasm of adipocytes. Significant differences in fatty acid profiles between pregnant and non-pregnant animals were revealed, most notably a reduction in both linoleic and α linoleic acid in pregnant animals. This report forms the basis for future studies to address the effect of nutrient composition and body condition on reproduction in captive and wild elephants

Network command processing system overview

The Network Command Processing System (NCPS) developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ground Network (GN) stations is a spacecraft command system utilizing a MULTIBUS I/68030 microprocessor. This system was developed and implemented at ground stations worldwide to provide a Project Operations Control Center (POCC) with command capability for support of spacecraft operations such as the LANDSAT, Shuttle, Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, and Nimbus-7. The NCPS consolidates multiple modulation schemes for supporting various manned/unmanned orbital platforms. The NCPS interacts with the POCC and a local operator to process configuration requests, generate modulated uplink sequences, and inform users of the ground command link status. This paper presents the system functional description, hardware description, and the software design

Global population divergence and admixture of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Native to China and Mongolia, the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) now enjoys a worldwide distribution. While black rats and the house mouse tracked the regional development of human agricultural settlements, brown rats did not appear in Europe until the 1500s, suggesting their range expansion was a response to relatively recent increases in global trade. We inferred the global phylogeography of brown rats using 32 k SNPs, and detected 13 evolutionary clusters within five expansion routes. One cluster arose following a southward expansion into Southeast Asia. Three additional clusters arose from two independent eastward expansions: one expansion from Russia to the Aleutian Archipelago, and a second to western North America. Westward expansion resulted in the colonization of Europe from which subsequent rapid colonization of Africa, the Americas and Australasia occurred, and multiple evolutionary clusters were detected. An astonishing degree of fine-grained clustering between and within sampling sites underscored the extent to which urban heterogeneity shaped genetic structure of commensal rodents. Surprisingly, few individuals were recent migrants, suggesting that recruitment into established populations is limited. Understanding the global population structure of R. norvegicus offers novel perspectives on the forces driving the spread of zoonotic disease, and aids in development of rat eradication programmes