Trophonema arenarium (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) and its junior synonyms.

Peer reviewe

Impact of age norms and stereotypes on managers' hiring decisions of retirees

Purpose -Our study investigates the role of managers in the re-employment of early retirees and asks what the effect is of managers’ age norms and stereotypes on managers’ employment decisions. Design/methodology/approach- A combination of a factorial study and a survey was conducted. First, information on the age norms and stereotypes was collected. Secondly, profiles of hypothetical retired job applicants were presented to the employers, who were asked to make a specific hiring decision. The information collected during both studies was combined in the analysis and multilevel models were estimated. Findings -The results indicate that higher age norms result in a higher propensity to hire an early retiree. Stereotypes, by contrast, do not influence managers’ decisions. Early retirees’ chances for re-employment are also related to their own circumstances (physical appearance and relevant experience) and organisational forces, as they are hired when organisations face labour force shortages. Research limitation / implications – with the use of vignettes study we deal with hypothetical hiring situation. Originality value- Although the effect of age norms and age stereotypes has been often suggested, not much empirical evidence was presented to support this notion. Our study estimates the effect of age norms and stereotypes on hiring decision. key words: bridge employment; early retirees; age norms; age stereotypes; multilevel models.

Two Major Autoantibody Clusters in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease of complex clinical presentation and etiology and is likely influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. While a large number of susceptibility genes have been identified, the production of antibodies against a distinct subset of nuclear proteins remains a primary distinguishing characteristic in disease diagnosis. However, the utility of autoantibody biomarkers for disease sub-classification and grouping remains elusive, in part, because of the difficulty in large scale profiling using a uniform, quantitative platform. In the present study serological profiles of several known SLE antigens, including Sm-D3, RNP-A, RNP-70k, Ro52, Ro60, and La, as well as other cytokine and neuronal antigens were obtained using the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) approach. The resulting autoantibody profiles revealed that 88% of a pilot cohort and 98% of a second independent cohort segregated into one of two distinct clusters defined by autoantibodies against Sm/anti-RNP or Ro/La autoantigens, proteins often involved in RNA binding activities. The Sm/RNP cluster was associated with a higher prevalence of serositis in comparison to the Ro/La cluster (P = 0.0022). However, from the available clinical information, no other clinical characteristics were associated with either cluster. In contrast, evaluation of autoantibodies on an individual basis revealed an association between anti-Sm (P = 0.006), RNP-A (P = 0.018) and RNP-70k (P = 0.010) autoantibodies and mucocutaneous symptoms and between anti-RNP-70k and musculoskeletal manifestations (P = 0.059). Serologically active, but clinically quiescent disease also had a higher prevalence of anti-IFN-α autoantibodies. Based on our findings that most SLE patients belong to either a Sm/RNP or Ro/La autoantigen cluster, these results suggest the possibility that alterations in RNA-RNA-binding protein interactions may play a critical role in triggering and/or the pathogenesis of SLE

Ethnobotany in the Nepal Himalaya

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Indigenous knowledge has become recognized worldwide not only because of its intrinsic value but also because it has a potential instrumental value to science and conservation. In Nepal, the indigenous knowledge of useful and medicinal plants has roots in the remote past.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The present study reviews the indigenous knowledge and use of plant resources of the Nepal Himalayas along the altitudinal and longitudinal gradient. A total of 264 studies focusing on ethnobotany, ethnomedicine and diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants, carried out between 1979 and 2006 were consulted for the present analysis. In order to cross check and verify the data, seven districts of west Nepal were visited in four field campaigns.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In contrast to an average of 21–28% ethnobotanically/ethnomedicinally important plants reported for Nepal, the present study found that up to about 55% of the flora of the study region had medicinal value. This indicates a vast amount of undocumented knowledge about important plant species that needs to be explored and documented. The richness of medicinal plants decreased with increasing altitude but the percentage of plants used as medicine steadily increased with increasing altitude. This was due to preferences given to herbal remedies in high altitude areas and a combination of having no alternative choices, poverty and trust in the effectiveness of folklore herbal remedies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Indigenous knowledge systems are culturally valued and scientifically important. Strengthening the wise use and conservation of indigenous knowledge of useful plants may benefit and improve the living standard of poor people.</p

Presence of an interferon signature in individuals who are anti-nuclear antibody positive lacking a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of type I interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of the systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and are thought to play an important pathogenic role. However, it is unknown whether these elevations are seen in anti-nuclear antibody–positive (ANA(+)) individuals who lack sufficient criteria for a SARD diagnosis. We examined IFN-induced gene expression in asymptomatic ANA(+) individuals and patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) to address this question. METHODS: Healthy ANA(−) control subjects and ANA(+) titre (≥1:160 by immunofluorescence) participants meeting no criteria, meeting at least one criterion (UCTD) or meeting SARD classification criteria were recruited. Whole peripheral blood IFN-induced and BAFF gene expression were quantified using NanoString technology. The normalized levels of five IFN-induced genes were summed to produce an IFN5 score. RESULTS: The mean IFN5 scores were increased in all ANA(+) participant subsets as compared with healthy control subjects. We found that 36.8% of asymptomatic ANA(+) and 50% of UCTD participants had IFN5 scores >2 SD above the mean for healthy control subjects. In all ANA(+) subsets, the IFN5 score correlated with the presence of anti-Ro/La antibodies. In the asymptomatic ANA(+) subset, this score also correlated with the ANA titre, whereas in the other ANA(+) subsets, it correlated with the number of different ANA specificities. Development of new SARD criteria was seen in individuals with normal and high IFN5 scores. CONCLUSIONS: An IFN signature is seen in a significant proportion of ANA(+) individuals and appears to be associated with ANA titre and type of autoantibodies, rather than with the presence or development of clinical SARD symptoms

Wohnstandortwahl der «Creative Class» in der Agglomeration Zürich

Richard Florida focuses on the selected determinants affecting the choice of residence by the creative class at the regional level. He defines these determinants with the concept “quality of place”. The question arises of whether this approach can be transferred to a subregional level. In the empirical research at the subregional level, variables are added to “quality of place” and the creative class is differentiated into sectors. In this article, Florida’s assessment is applied to the subregional level, as is usual for assessments used to explain the choice of residence location. This allows an investigation of which location factors have a deciding influence on the residence location choices of the creative class in the Zurich agglomeration and what differences, if any, can be found between the various branches. An empirical analysis of the data for the agglomeration of Zurich in 2000 supports the transferability of Florida’s approach to the subregional level. However, it is evident that the differentiation of the creative class and the addition of other determinants to “quality of place” are essential