NOS3 gene variants and male infertility: Association of 4a/4b with oligoasthenozoospermia

Results of recent studies confirmed that oxidative stress negatively affects sperm motility and causes sperm DNA damage. Produced by nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nitric oxide is considered to be one of the important mediators of oxidative stress in testis tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the possible association of three genetic variants (rs2070744, rs1799983 and intron variant 4a/4b) in NOS3 gene and infertility occurrence in two groups of infertile men (idiopathic azoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia) and fertile controls. Genotypes for the single-nucleotide genetic variants rs1799983 and rs2070744 were determined by PCR-RFLP, while genotyping of intron 4 variant 4a/4b was performed by gel electrophoresis of PCR products. Statistical analysis was performed by SNPStats software. No significant association between the three genetic variants of the NOS3 gene and infertility risk was determined comparing allele and genotype frequencies among group of patients diagnosed with azoospermia and the control group. Nevertheless, there was a significant positive association between 4a/4b and infertility in the group of males diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia, under overdominant genetic model. Our findings suggest that tandem repeat variant within intron 4 of the NOS3 gene is associated with an increased risk of infertility in men diagnosed with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Andrologia (2017): e1281

Comparative Test of Ovaprim, Spawnprim, and HCG in the Process Spawning of Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is a type of freshwater fish that has potential and has economic value. Its production target which increases every year causes farmers to spawn with the help of hormonal stimulation. The aimed of this research was to test and find out the results of the use of three different hormones namely Ovaprim, Spawnprim, and HCG in P. hypopthalmus spawning. This research was conducted in January 2020 at the Trimurjo Fish Seed Center, Central Lampung. This research used a randomized complete design method with the 3 treatments, P1 (Ovaprim 0,5 ml / kg), P2 (Spawnprim 0,5 ml / kg), P3 (HCG 500 IU / kg) and 3 replications. The results of this research indicate a significant difference (p <0,05) in the relative fecundity parameters, fertilization rate, and hatching rate, but not significantly different in the parameters of latensi periode and diameter of eggs. In P1, Ovaprim hormone injections provide better reproductive performance compared to Spawnprim and HCG injections

Screening of mutations and polymorphism in CFRT gene in men infertile due to oligo- or azospermia

Do sada je otkriven veliki broj gena koji, kada su mutirani ili deletirani uzrokuju promene u muškom reprodukcionom sistemu. Opstrukciona azospermija, koja je uzrok infertiliteta, u šest posto slučajeva posledica je kongenitalnog nedostatka vaza deferensa. Takođe, kongenitalni nedostatak vaza deferensa se javlja kod 95 posto muškaraca obolelih od cistične fibroze, koja nastaje usled mutacija u genu CFTR. Novija istraživanja pokazuju da je kod muškaraca infertilnih usled kongenitalnog nedostatka vaza deferensa, bez kliničkih znakova cistične fibroze, povećana učestalost mutacija u genu CFTR u odnosu na učestalost mutiranog gena CFTR u opštoj populaciji. Pošto je kod muškaraca obolelih od cistične fibroze nađen širok spektar oštećenja reprodukcionog trakta odlučili smo se za analizu mutacija i polimorfizama u genu CFTR kod muškaraca, infertilnih usled oligospermije ili azospermije, radi rasvetljavanja moguće uloge gena CFTR u patogenezi infertilnosti muškaraca. U grupi osoba s opstrukcionom azospermijom otkrili smo statistički značajno veću učestalost mutacija u genu CFTR nego u opštoj populaciji, što ukazuje na njegovo učešće u patologiji infertilnosti kod ove trupe ispitanika. U grupi muškaraca s poremećajem u spermatogenezi ili sazrevanju sperme učestalost mutacija u genu CFTR takođe je bila veća nego u opštoj populaciji, ali niža nego kod ispitanika s opstrukcionom azospermijom. Ovo ukazuje na veće učešće drugih gena u procesu spermatogeneze nego kod opstrukcione azospermije. S obzirom da je kod muškaraca infertilnih usled opstrukcione azospermije veća učestalost mutacija u genu CFTR, oni su s većim rizikom za rađanje deteta s cističnom fibrozom, te je kod njih indikovana analiza mutacija u ovom genu pre pristupanja asistiranoj reprodukciji.We concluded that CFTR gene plays a role in the etiology of obstructive azoospermia and that it also could be involved in same cases of impaired spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. Due to the high incidence of CFRT mutations in patients with obstructive azoospermia we suggest screening of CFRT mutations before assisted reproduction

Agile and business analysis: practical guidance for IT professionals

The cortex of primates is relatively expanded relative to many other mammals, yet little is known about what developmental processes account for the expansion of cortical subtype numbers in primates, including humans. We asked whether GABAergic and pyramidal neuron production occurs for longer than expected in primates than in mice in a sample of 86 developing primate and rodent brains. We use high-resolution structural, diffusion MR scans and histological material to compare the timing of the ganglionic eminences (GE) and cortical proliferative pool (CPP) maturation between humans, macaques, rats and mice. We also compare the timing of post-neurogenetic maturation of GABAergic and pyramidal neurons in primates (i.e. humans, macaques) relative to rats and mice to identify whether delays in neurogenesis are concomitant with delayed post-neurogenetic maturation. We found that the growth of the GE and CPP are both selectively delayed compared with other events in primates. By contrast, the timing of post-neurogenetic GABAergic and pyramidal events (e.g. synaptogenesis) are predictable from the timing of other events in primates and in studied rodents. The extended duration of GABAergic and pyramidal neuron production is associated with the amplification of GABAerigc and pyramidal neuron numbers in the human and non-human primate cortex

Table S4 from Coevolution in the timing of GABAergic and pyramidal neuron maturation in primates

The cortex of primates is relatively expanded relative to many other mammals, yet little is known about what developmental processes account for the expansion of cortical subtype numbers in primates, including humans. We asked whether GABAergic and pyramidal neuron production occurs for longer than expected in primates than in mice in a sample of 86 developing primate and rodent brains. We use high-resolution structural, diffusion MR scans and histological material to compare the timing of the ganglionic eminences (GE) and cortical proliferative pool (CPP) maturation between humans, macaques, rats and mice. We also compare the timing of post-neurogenetic maturation of GABAergic and pyramidal neurons in primates (i.e. humans, macaques) relative to rats and mice to identify whether delays in neurogenesis are concomitant with delayed post-neurogenetic maturation. We found that the growth of the GE and CPP are both selectively delayed compared with other events in primates. By contrast, the timing of post-neurogenetic GABAergic and pyramidal events (e.g. synaptogenesis) are predictable from the timing of other events in primates and in studied rodents. The extended duration of GABAergic and pyramidal neuron production is associated with the amplification of GABAerigc and pyramidal neuron numbers in the human and non-human primate cortex