Restoration of physical performance capacity of athletes after prolonged restriction of their motor activity

The effects of different regimens of treatment following prolonged hypokinesia were studied in order to determine the most effective program. The types of programs considered were passive means, consisting of physical therapy; active means, consisting of athletic training; and a combined program. In the first stage of the experiment, the effects of a 10 day period of hypokinesia were studied. It was determined that the restoration programs must address the problems of: (1) increasing defense function and general tone of the body; (2) restore orthostatic stability; and (3) increase general endurance. In later stages, groups of athletes and nonathletes underwent 30 day periods of hypokinesia. Restoration was carefully monitored for groups treated with the various regimens. It was determined that the most effective treatment was a comprehensive program of passive and active therapy

Single-electron transistor effect in a two-terminal structure

A peculiarity of the single-electron transistor effect makes it possible to observe this effect even in structures lacking a gate electrode altogether. The proposed method can be useful for experimental study of charging effects in structures with an extremely small central island confined between tunnel barriers like a nanometer-sized quantum dot or a macromolecule probed with a tunneling microscope), where it is impossible to provide a gate electrode for control of the tunnel current.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Graphite under uniaxial compression along the c axis: A parameter to relate out-of-plane strain to in-plane phonon frequency

Stacking graphene sheets forms graphite. Two in-plane vibrational modes of graphite, E1u and E2g(2), are derived from graphene E2g mode, the shifts of which under compression are all considered as results of in-plane bond shortening. Values of Gruneisen parameter have been reported to quantify such relation. However, the reason why the shift rates of these three modes with pressure differ is unclear. In this work, we introduce a new parameter to quantify the contribution of out-of-plane strain to the in-plane vibrational frequencies, suggesting that the compression of \pi-electrons plays a non-negligible part in both graphite and graphene under high pressure.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Shuttle Mechanism for Charge Transfer in Coulomb Blockade Nanostructures

Room-temperature Coulomb blockade of charge transport through composite nanostructures containing organic inter-links has recently been observed. A pronounced charging effect in combination with the softness of the molecular links implies that charge transfer gives rise to a significant deformation of these structures. For a simple model system containing one nanoscale metallic cluster connected by molecular links to two bulk metallic electrodes we show that self-excitation of periodic cluster oscillations in conjunction with sequential processes of cluster charging and decharging appears for a sufficiently large bias voltage. This new `electron shuttle' mechanism of discrete charge transfer gives rise to a current through the nanostructure, which is proportional to the cluster vibration frequency.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Potentiating interaction of ethoxydol and rosuvastatin in an experimental model of Langendorf-isolated rat heart total ischemia-reperfusion

The study of cardioprotective activity showed that in vitro ethoxydol at a dose of 3.8 × 10-4 g/l can significantly improve the morphofunctional state of cardiomyocytes, which is manifested in an increase in the proportion of postischemic cardiac resumption, reduction of ischemic contracture, and recovery of contractility during the reperfusion perio

Use of high throughput sequencing to observe genome dynamics at a single cell level

With the development of high throughput sequencing technology, it becomes possible to directly analyze mutation distribution in a genome-wide fashion, dissociating mutation rate measurements from the traditional underlying assumptions. Here, we sequenced several genomes of Escherichia coli from colonies obtained after chemical mutagenesis and observed a strikingly nonrandom distribution of the induced mutations. These include long stretches of exclusively G to A or C to T transitions along the genome and orders of magnitude intra- and inter-genomic differences in mutation density. Whereas most of these observations can be explained by the known features of enzymatic processes, the others could reflect stochasticity in the molecular processes at the single-cell level. Our results demonstrate how analysis of the molecular records left in the genomes of the descendants of an individual mutagenized cell allows for genome-scale observations of fixation and segregation of mutations, as well as recombination events, in the single genome of their progenitor.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures (including 5 supplementary), one tabl