688 research outputs found
Contemporary Seismicity in and Around the Yakima Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Eastern Washington
We examined characteristics of routinely cataloged seismicity from 1970 to the present in and around the Yakima fold-and-thrust belt (YFTB) in eastern Washington to determine if the characteristics of contemporary seismicity provide clues about regional-scale active tectonics or about more localized, near-surface processes. We employed new structural and hydrologic models of the Columbia River basalts (CRB) and found that one-third to one-half of the cataloged earthquakes occur within the CRB and that these CRB earthquakes exhibit significantly more clustered, and swarmlike, behavior than those outside. These results and inferences from published studies led us to hypothesize that clustered seismicity is likely associated with hydrologic changes in the CRB, which hosts the regional aquifer system. While some general features of the regional groundwater system support this hypothesis, seismicity patterns and mapped long-term changes in groundwater levels and present-day irrigation neither support nor refute it. Regional tectonic processes and crustal-scale structures likely influence the distribution of earthquakes both outside and within the CRB as well. We based this inference on qualitatively assessed alignments between the dominant northwest trends in the geologic structure and the seismicity generally and between specific faults and characteristics of the 2009 Wooded Island swarm and aseismic slip, which is the only cluster studied in detail and the most vigorous since regional monitoring began.USGS-NAGTGeological Science
On the extension of the concept of Thin Shells to The Einstein-Cartan Theory
This paper develops a theory of thin shells within the context of the
Einstein-Cartan theory by extending the known formalism of general relativity.
In order to perform such an extension, we require the general non symmetric
stress-energy tensor to be conserved leading, as Cartan pointed out himself, to
a strong constraint relating curvature and torsion of spacetime. When we
restrict ourselves to the class of space-times satisfying this constraint, we
are able to properly describe thin shells and derive the general expression of
surface stress-energy tensor both in its four-dimensional and in its
three-dimensional intrinsic form. We finally derive a general family of static
solutions of the Einstein-Cartan theory exhibiting a natural family of null
hypersurfaces and use it to apply our formalism to the construction of a null
shell of matter.Comment: Latex, 21 pages, 1 combined Latex/Postscript figure; Accepted for
publication in Classical and Quantum Gravit
Invariant Connections with Torsion on Group Manifolds and Their Application in Kaluza-Klein Theories
Invariant connections with torsion on simple group manifolds are studied
and an explicit formula describing them is presented. This result is used for
the dimensional reduction in a theory of multidimensional gravity with
curvature squared terms on . We calculate the potential of
scalar fields, emerging from extra components of the metric and torsion, and
analyze the role of the torsion for the stability of spontaneous
compactification.Comment: 13 pages, LATEX, UB-ECM-PF 93/1
Maxwell Fields in Spacetimes Admitting Non-Null Killing Vectors
We consider source-free electromagnetic fields in spacetimes possessing a
non-null Killing vector field, . We assume further that the
electromagnetic field tensor, , is invariant under the action of the
isometry group induced by . It is proved that whenever the two
potentials associated with the electromagnetic field are functionally
independent the entire content of Maxwell's equations is equivalent to the
relation \n^aT_{ab}=0. Since this relation is implied by Einstein's equation
we argue that it is enough to solve merely Einstein's equation for these
electrovac spacetimes because the relevant equations of motion will be
satisfied automatically. It is also shown that for the exceptional case of
functionally related potentials \n^aT_{ab}=0 implies along with one of the
relevant equations of motion that the complementary equation concerning the
electromagnetic field is satisfied.Comment: 7 pages,PACS numbers: 04.20.Cv, 04.20.Me, 04.40.+
The Einstein 3-form G_a and its equivalent 1-form L_a in Riemann-Cartan space
The definition of the Einstein 3-form G_a is motivated by means of the
contracted 2nd Bianchi identity. This definition involves at first the complete
curvature 2-form. The 1-form L_a is defined via G_a = L^b \wedge #(o_b \wedge
o_a). Here # denotes the Hodge-star, o_a the coframe, and \wedge the exterior
product. The L_a is equivalent to the Einstein 3-form and represents a certain
contraction of the curvature 2-form. A variational formula of Salgado on
quadratic invariants of the L_a 1-form is discussed, generalized, and put into
proper perspective.Comment: LaTeX, 13 Pages. To appear in Gen. Rel. Gra
An Annotated List of the Fishes of Lake Erie and its Tributary Waters Exclusive of the Detroit River
Author Institution: U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Sandusky Biological Station, Sandusky, Ohio ; Curator of Vertebrate Collections and Professor, Faculty of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OhioDramatic fluctuations have occurred in the abundance of many species in Lake Erie and its tributary waters in the last century. Some fishes of former economic importance have become commercially extinct. Several species apparently have been extirpated, especially in the tributaries. It is believed that further changes in the abundance of other species will occur in the near future. This publication consolidates the confirmed records of fish species for Lake Erie and its tributaries. One hundred and thirty-eight species of fishes are listed and, where appropriate, brief comments on present and past distribution, and abundance and economic status are given. Selected references are listed as additional sources of information for each species
The Motion of a Body in Newtonian Theories
A theorem due to Bob Geroch and Pong Soo Jang ["Motion of a Body in General
Relativity." Journal of Mathematical Physics 16(1), (1975)] provides the sense
in which the geodesic principle has the status of a theorem in General
Relativity (GR). Here we show that a similar theorem holds in the context of
geometrized Newtonian gravitation (often called Newton-Cartan theory). It
follows that in Newtonian gravitation, as in GR, inertial motion can be derived
from other central principles of the theory.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure. This is the version that appeared in JMP; it is
only slightly changed from the previous version, to reflect small issue
caught in proo
Wormholes in spacetime with torsion
Analytical wormhole solutions in theory are presented. It is discussed
whether the extremely short range repulsive forces, related to the spin angular
momentum of matter, could be the ``carrier'' of the exoticity that threads the
wormhole throat.Comment: 10 pages revte
The Impact of COVID-19 Test Requirements on Cross-Border Travel: A Case Study of Blaine, WA
The COVID-19 pandemic brought new and unprecedented requirements for cross-border travel. In Summer 2021, after more than a year of restrictions on ânon-essentialâ travel, Canada began allowing vaccinated travelers with a negative PCR test to enter and return for discretionary purposes and without quarantine. However, testing requirements for entry to Canada continue to fluctuate, with the latest change going into effect February 28th, 2022. This Border Brief uses the case study of the land border between British Columbia and Washington State to explore how different testing regimes may impact cross-border travel
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