658 research outputs found
Kajian Hukum Terhadap Ajaran Penyertaan (Deelneming) Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Menurut UU No. 20 Tahun 2001
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana ajaran penyertaan (deelneming) dalam hukum pidana dan bagaimana penerapan hukum ajaran penyertaan dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative disimpulkan: 1. Ajaran tentang penyertaan sebagai dasar memperluas dapat dipidananya orang yang tersangkut dalam terwujudnya delik. Penyertaan diatur dalam pasal 55 dan 56 KUHP yang berarti bahwa ada dua orang atau lebih yang melakukan suatu tindak pidana atau dengan perkataan ada dua orang atau lebih mengambil bagian untuk mewujudkan suatu tindak pidana. Secara skematis untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban pidana kepada pembuat delik atau pidana dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) yakni pertama, penanggungjawab penuh dan kedua, penanggungjawab sebagian. Penanggungjawab penuh sanksi pidana adalah mereka yang tergolong dader sebagai penanggungjawab mandiri; mededader sebagai penanggungjawab bersama; medeplegen sebagai penanggungjawab serta; doen plegen sebagai penanggungjawab penyuruh; dan uitlokken sebagai penanggungjawab pembujuk atau perencana. Sedangkan penanggungjawab sebagian adalah mereka yang tergolong sebagai poger sebagai penanggungjawab percobaan: perbuatan pidana dan medeplichtige sebagai penanggungjawab pemberi bantuan dalam melakukan perbuatan pidana. 2. Dalam hukum pidana khususnya korupsi ini berarti, masalah pertanggungjawaban pidana bermula pada ajaran tentang perbuatan pidana dan Ajaran Penyertaan Pidana. Seperti dikatakan Druff, “substantive questions about the proper foundations and scope of criminal liability seem to connect with questions about the concept of action.” (pertanyaan substantif mengenai pondasi layak dan ruang lingkup pertanggungjawaban pidana rupanya berkaitan dengan pertanyaan mengenai konsep perbuatan). Jadi, masalah fundamental dan spektrum pertanggungjawaban pidana korupsi amat berkaitan erat dengan persoalan berkisar mengenai perbuatan pidana dan penyertaan perbuatan pidana
The Influence of Anterior Root Stimulation (S2) in Deafferented Spinal Cord Injury Men on Cavernous Electrical Activity
Single grain heating due to inelastic cotunneling
We study heating effects of a single metallic quantum dot weakly coupled to
two leads. The dominant mechanism for heating at low temperatures is due to
inelastic electron cotunneling processes. We calculate the grain temperature
profile as a function of grain parameters, bias voltage, and time and show that
for nanoscale size grains the heating effects are pronounced and easily
measurable in experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex4, extended and corrected versio
Comparison of predicted and actual over-refractions when using the Mastervue\u27s RGP fitting recommendations
The use of computerized corneal videokeratography is one of the most exciting advances in the fitting of rigid contact lenses today. Traditional RGP fitting methods and our understanding of physiological and contact lens optics dictates that power should be determined by comparing lens lens base curve to the central three millimeter zone flat keratometric reading, and apply SAMFAP to compensate for lacrimal lens effects. This study addresses the Issue that since the Mastervue lens fitting software selects lens base curve determined using a more peripheral corneal zone, clinically, how and where should lens power be determined? Twenty-eight subjects were fit with rigid gas permeable lenses generated by the Mastervue corneal topographer fitting software. Accurate monocular over-refractions were performed and compared to the predicted over-refractions determined using the simulated keratometric values at each the three millimeter and six millimeter corneal zones. From this data it can be shown which simulated keratometric readings should be used to determine the clinically most accurate contact lens power. The data showed that it did not matter which corneal zone SAMFAP is applied to when determining contact lens power. Through the interpretation of these results, it can be deduced that the Mastervue fitting software is effective in suggesting an initial RGP to be dispensed, however, trial fitting with an over-refraction is still the most accurate way of determining final lens power
Novel G-protein-coupled receptor-like proteins in the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea
BACKGROUND: The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest protein families in human and other animal genomes, but no more than 10 GPCRs have been characterized in fungi. Do fungi contain only this handful or are there more receptors to be discovered? We asked this question using the recently sequenced genome of the fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. RESULTS: Proteins with significant similarity to fungus-specific and other eukaryotic GPCRs were identified in M. grisea. These included homologs of known fungal GPCRs, the cAMP receptors from Dictyostelium, and a steroid receptor mPR. We also identified a novel class of receptors typified by PTH11, a cell-surface integral membrane protein required for pathogenicity. PTH11 has seven transmembrane regions and an amino-terminal extracellular cysteine-rich EGF-like domain (CFEM domain), a characteristic also seen in human GPCRs. Sixty-one PTH11-related proteins were identified in M. grisea that shared a common domain with homologs in Neurospora crassa and other fungi belonging to this subphylum of the Ascomycota (the Pezizomycotina). None was detected in other fungal groups (Basidiomycota or other Ascomycota subphyla, including yeasts) or any other eukaryote. The subclass of PTH11 containing the CFEM domain is highly represented in M. grisea. CONCLUSION: In M. grisea we identified homologs of known GPCRs and a novel class of GPCR-like receptors specific to filamentous ascomycetes. A member of this new class, PTH11, is required for pathogenesis, thus suggesting roles in pathogenicity for other members. The identified classes constitute the largest number of GPCR-like proteins reported in fungi to date
Deterministic nano-assembly of a coupled quantum emitter - photonic crystal cavity system
The interaction of a single quantum emitter with its environment is a central
theme in quantum optics. When placed in highly confined optical fields, such as
those created in optical cavities or plasmonic structures, the optical
properties of the emitter can change drastically. In particular, photonic
crystal (PC) cavities show high quality factors combined with an extremely
small mode volume. Efficiently coupling a single quantum emitter to a PC cavity
is challenging because of the required positioning accuracy. Here, we
demonstrate deterministic coupling of single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers to
high-quality gallium phosphide PC cavities, by deterministically positioning
their 50 nm-sized host nanocrystals into the cavity mode maximum with
few-nanometer accuracy. The coupling results in a 25-fold enhancement of NV
center emission at the cavity wavelength. With this technique, the NV center
photoluminescence spectrum can be reshaped allowing for efficient generation of
coherent photons, providing new opportunities for quantum science.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
The Slowly Formed Guiselin Brush
We study polymer layers formed by irreversible adsorption from a polymer
melt. Our theory describes an experiment which is a ``slow'' version of that
proposed by Guiselin [Europhys. Lett., v. 17 (1992) p. 225] who considered
instantaneously irreversibly adsorbing chains and predicted a universal density
profile of the layer after swelling with solvent to produce the ``Guiselin
brush.'' Here we ask what happens when adsorption is not instantaneous. The
classic example is chemisorption. In this case the brush is formed slowly and
the final structure depends on the experiment's duration, . We find
the swollen layer consists of an inner region of thickness with approximately constant density and an outer region
extending up to height which has the same density decay as for the Guiselin case.Comment: 7 pages, submitted to Europhysics Letter
Popliteal venous thrombosis in juvenile arthritis with Baker cysts: report of 3 cases
Three pediatric patients with different illnesses leading to knee arthritis and large Baker cysts and additional calf swelling are reported. Calf swelling was due to true popliteal venous thrombosis and not to the much more common cause of pseudothrombophlebitis. Careful ultrasound examination can differentiate these two causes of calf swelling. Even though all our patients had risk factors for thrombophilia, we do not recommend routine thrombophilia work-up for all arthritis patients in the absence of thrombosis
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