Multi-Satellite Attitude Prediction program/Orbiting Solar Observatory-8 (MSAP/OSO-8) operating guide

The sun's lower corona and chromosphere and their interaction in the X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) spectral regions were investigated to better understand the transport of energy from the photosphere to the corona. The interaction between the solar electromagnetic and particle radiation and the earth's environment was studied and the background component of cosmic X-rays was discussed

The Effect of the Internet on the Advertising Industry in a Consumer Culture

A revolution is under way, possibly of the same magnitude as the 19th Century industrial revolution. The information age is upon us at an unparalleled rate of growth. The Internet spearheads the drive forward towards a world where knowledge that shapes our lives is truly common, affecting every culture on the planet. Commercial advertising is the science of disseminating information in a meaningful way and it is therefore relevant to wonder how this new-world order will affect both advertising and the underlying cultures. When will it happen? Who will it affect? What form will it take? How will it affect our national cultures and what benefits or disbenefits will follow? What will happen to the advertising industry? Where will the opportunities be? This study has aimed to answer these questions and to apply them to our underlying consumer culture, targeting the impact of the Internet on advertising and its’ direction

How Young Adults Use Social Media to Cope with Parental Divorce

Social media sites are becoming increasingly popular go-to sources of information for learning how to cope with personal difficulties. The purpose of our study was to gain insights into how to design social media messages and strategies to help young adults cope with issues related to parental divorce. Our research question focused on how the use of social media (Twitter, Facebook, etc.) was used by young adults to cope with the divorce of their parents. The participants of this study were 18-25 year olds with divorced parents. This sample was collected because we felt people in this age group had a clear understanding of why their parents may have divorced. We asked questions about three major topics: 1) What types of social media are they currently using? 2) What were the most difficult issues they faced in regards to their parents divorce and how did they cope? 3) Did they find any helpful information to cope on the Internet, and if so, what was it? From our analyses, we expect to be able to identify social media strategies to help get science-based information to young adults who have divorced parents.Ope

Impact of Driving Cycles on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Fuel Economy for SI Car Real World Driving

The transport sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigated three greenhouse gases emitted from road transport: CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions as a function of engine warm up and driving cycles. Five different urban driving cycles were developed and used including free flow driving and congested driving. An in-vehicle FTIR (Fourier Transform Inferred) emission measurement system was installed on a EURO2 emission compliant SI (Spark Ignition) car for emissions measurement at a rate of 0.5 HZ under real world urban driving conditions. This emission measurement system was calibrated on a standard CVS (Constant Volume Sampling) measurement system and showed excellent agreement on CO2 measurement with CVS results. The N2O and CH4 measurement was calibrated using calibration gas in lab. A MAX710 real time in-vehicle fuel consumption measurement system was installed in the test vehicle and real time fuel consumption was then obtained. The temperatures across the TWC (Three Way Catalyst) and engine out exhaust gas lambda were measured. The GHG (greenhouse gas) mass emissions and consequent GWP (Global Warming Potential) for different urban diving conditions were analyzed and presented. The results provided a better understanding of traffic related greenhouse gas emission profile in urban area and will contribute to the control of climate change

Water entry of deformable spheres

When a rigid body collides with a liquid surface with sufficient velocity, it creates a splash curtain above the surface and entrains air behind the sphere, creating a cavity below the surface. While cavity dynamics have been studied for over a century, this work focuses on the water entry characteristics of deformable elastomeric spheres, which has not been studied. Upon free surface impact, elastomeric sphere deform significantly, resulting in large-scale material oscillations within the sphere, resulting in unique nested cavities. We study these phenomena experimentally with high speed imaging and image processing techniques. The water entry behavior of deformable spheres differs from rigid spheres because of the pronounced deformation caused at impact as well as the subsequent material vibration. Our results show that this deformation and vibration can be predicted from material properties and impact conditions. Additionally, by accounting for the sphere deformation in an effective diameter term, we recover previously reported characteristics for time to cavity pinch-off and hydrodynamic force coefficients for rigid spheres. Our results also show that velocity change over the first oscillation period scales with a dimensionless ratio of material shear modulus to impact hydrodynamic pressure. Therefore we are able to describe the water entry characteristics of deformable spheres in terms of material properties and impact conditions.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure