The Correlation Study Between Learning Style and Learning Outcome of the First-year Students in Structure Analysis Class at Study Program of English

Keywords: Learning Style, VAK Learning Style Model, VAK Learning Style SelfAssessment QuestionnaireLanguage is one of communication device which is used to deliver feeling message, or opinion within society. In learning language, many people are not aware of their own way in learning. Whereas, knowing the style of learning is useful which also influences the learning outcome. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate learning style used by the students and its correlation on the students\u27 learning outcome. There are two objectives in this study, (1) to find out the learning style used by the first-year students at Study Program of English, and (2) to observe the correlation between learning style and learning outcome of the first-year students at Study Program of English. The writer also states two hypotheses, namely: (1) visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning style are found and used by the students of Study Program of English in structure analysis class, and (2) there is a correlation between learning style and learning outcome in the first-year students of Study Program of English.This study uses quantitative approach because the data are in form of number. It is also a correlation study since it tries to find out the correlation between learning style and learning outcome. The writer applies VAK model that divides learning style into visual (V), auditory (A) and kinesthetic (K). VAK Learning Style Self-Assessment Questionnaire is used as the instrument. It is regarded as the most appropriate questionnaire since the writer uses VAK model to find out the students\u27 learning style.The result shows that the students of English Study Program in structure analysis class use three types of learning style. The first type is auditory which is mostly used by the students and it is followed by kinesthetic and visual. Moreover, the writer also finds that the students\u27 learning style influences the final test score. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between learning style on learning outcome. Based on the finding, the first and second hypotheses are accepted.To complete this study, the writer suggests the next researcher to use the different theory, participants and other parameters such as age, gender or personality. The writer also suggests the readers and the students to find out their learning style surely. Besides, the writer suggests the lecturer to give suitable treatment based on the students\u27 learning style

Validation of a new spectrometer for noninvasive measurement of cardiac output

Acetylene is a blood-soluble gas and for many years its uptake rate during rebreathing tests has been used to calculate the flow rate of blood through the lungs (normally equal to cardiac output) as well as the volume of lung tissue. A new, portable, noninvasive instrument for cardiac output determination using the acetylene uptake method is described. The analyzer relies on nondispersive IR absorption spectroscopy as its principle of operation and is configured for extractive (side-stream) sampling. The instrument affords exceptionally fast (30 ms, 10%–90%, 90%–10%, at 500 mL min–1 flow rates), interference-free, simultaneous measurement of acetylene, sulfur hexafluoride (an insoluble reference gas used in the cardiac output calculation), and carbon dioxide (to determine alveolar ventilation), with good (typically ±2% full-scale) signal-to-noise ratios. Comparison tests with a mass spectrometer using serially diluted calibration gas samples gave excellent (R2>0.99) correlation for all three gases, validating the IR system's linearity and accuracy. A similar level of agreement between the devices also was observed during human subject C2H2 uptake tests (at rest and under incremental levels of exercise), with the instruments sampling a common extracted gas stream. Cardiac output measurements by both instruments were statistically equivalent from rest to 90% of maximal oxygen consumption; the physiological validity of the measurements was confirmed by the expected linear relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption, with both the slope and intercept in the published range. These results indicate that the portable, low-cost, rugged prototype analyzer discussed here is suitable for measuring cardiac output noninvasively in a point-of-care setting

Financial And Non Financial Information Of Going-concern Audit Opinion. Informasi Keuangan dan Non Keuangan terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern

This study aims to examine whether financial and non financial informationis partially an effect of going-concern audit opinion. Through the method of samplewith purposive sampling technique, obtained a sample of 85 companies listed inIndonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis tools in the form of hypothesis testingis done by logistic regession. Hypothesis testing using the t test which concludedthat the variables with probability value below 0.05 was ADTR (quality audit),PRIOP (the audit opinion the previous year), Debt default, the Z68 (the financialcondition of The Altman Model), Z93 (the financial condition of The RevisedAltman) PROFIT (the financial ratios with profabilitas) significant effect ongoing-concern audit opinion, while the variables with probability value above0.05 is the U.S. (opinion shopping), ZXMIN (financial condition of The ZmijeksiModel), ZSPRINT78 (financial condition of The Spingate Model ), SALGR (growthcompanies), LQ (financial ratios of liquidity), SOL (with the solvency of financialratio), no significant effect on going-concern audit opinion. These results indicatethat the dependent variable explained by independent variables was 86% and theremaining 14% is explained by other variables outside the research model.Keywords: Financial Variables, Variable Non Finance, the Going-concer

Effects of Suryanamaskar on Cardio Vascular and Respiratory Parameters in School Students

Back ground: Modern medical science has started to study the effects of suryanamaskar and yogic techniques. With increasing scientific research in suryanamaskar and yoga, its therapeutic aspects are explored in wide angle. In yoga the sun is represented by surya nadi, the pranic channel which carries the vital life- giving force. Suryanamaskar is the combination of asana and pranayama. Suryanamaskar has been integrated into physical education in many public and private schools across the country. The ultimate goal is to improve the physical health and increase the quantity of sportsmen with effective cardio-respiratory efficiency. Methods : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a 45 days daily practice of suryanamaskar on blood pressure(BP), heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), forced vital capacity(FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in school students of both sexes.115 school students aged 10 to 14 years were recruited for the study. The participants were trained to perform suryanamaskar for 45 days study period. The cardio vascular and respiratory parameters BP, HR, RR, FVC and PEFR were measured before and after practice of suryanamaskar. Results: The results showed that the Systolic blood pressure, PEFR and FVC increased significantly and RR, HR and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly after the practice of suryanamaskar. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of suryanamaskar can be applied to all schools to improve the physical health and sports activities of the students

Lipid Profile Abnormalities in People Living with HIV and AIDS

CONCLUSION: Hypertriglyceridaemia was the most common lipid profile abnormality in HIV-infected patients before HAART and after HAART. There is no significant alteration in T.Chol and HDL-C levels as such in both the groups. • The prevalence of Dyslipidaemia in HIV positive patients before starting HAART (Group 1) was 66.0%. • The prevalence of Dyslipidaemia in HIV positive patients on HAART (which includes stavudine, Lamivudine and nevirapine ) for atleast 1 year was 86.0% which confirms the effect of HAART on lipid profile. • There was no significant correlation of WHO stage, CD4 count with the alteration of lipid profile in both the groups. • Significant alteration in lipid profile can occur in PI-naïve patients on NRTI’s, NNRTI’s or combination of both

Spectrum of colonic mucosal abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension : An Endoscopic study.

INTRODUCTION : Portal hypertension (PHT) is an important complication of chronic liver disease of any etiology. One of the most significant clinical consequences of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients is the development of gastroesophageal varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). These vascular lesions are considered to be a significant source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. Over the past few years, it has been observed that not only the stomach but the entire gastrointestinal tract, with its venous drainage through the portal venous system, is involved in patients with portal hypertension. Involvement of the duodenum , the small intestine , and the colon have all been described. Only a few studies, however, have investigated the colon in patients with portal hypertension. Colorectal mucosal lesions in patients with portal hypertension is termed as portal hypertensive colopathy (PHC). These are thought to be important causes of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, although the clinical importance of these lesions in patients with portal hypertension is not well established. The features of PHC are not well defined but include multiple vascular appearing lesions (telangiectasias, cherry red spots and angiodysplasia like lesions), colitis- like abnormalities (granularity, erythema, edema, friability), colorectal varices, or a combination of these findings. The diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of this condition is confusing. This may be partially due to imprecise terminology, lack of uniform endoscopic descriptions, interobserver variability and the absence of distinctive histopathologic features. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of colonic mucosal changes in patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension before and after endoscopic variceal obliteration and its clinical significance. AIM OF THE STUDY : 1. To find out the prevalence of colonic mucosal abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. 2. To assess the relationship between colonic mucosal abnormalities and the severity of liver disease. 3. To assess the relationship between colonic mucosal abnormalities and the grading of esophageal varices. 4. To investigate the effect of endoscopic variceal ligation of the esophageal varices on the colonic mucosal changes. CONCLUSION : The prevalence of portal hypertensive colopathy, rectal varix and hemorrhoids in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension was 50%, 10% and 20% respectively. The prevalence of portal hypertensive colopathy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension increases with worsening of Child Pugh Turcotte score and increasing grading of esophageal varices. Esophageal variceal obliteration by endoscopic variceal ligation did not influence the occurrence of any of the colonic mucosal abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION AND METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR L-CARNITINE AND METFORMIN IN HUMAN PLASMA USING LC-MS/MS

 Objectives: The objective was to develop a robust simultaneous method for quantifying L-Carnitine and metformin using liquid chromatographymass spectrometer (LCMSMS).Methods: LCMSMS method was developed considering its selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Blank correction method was followed as L-Carnitineis found endogenously. Range was selected based on the Normal value for L-Carnitine and maximum concentration for metformin.Results: Rugged simultaneous method using ultra flow LC mass spectrometer for the estimation of L-Carnitine and metformin, in human plasmawith low limit of quantification and upper limit of quantification of 2.289 μg/mL and 33.675 μg/mL for L-Carnitine, 43.483 ng/ml and 639.450 ng/mlfor metformin, respectively, was developed which can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring and as a prognostic tool for Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Extraction was optimized using Protein precipitation (PP) in which sample clean-up was simple, and recovery was consistent. Linearity waschecked and found to be within acceptance criteria with 1/×2 as the weighing factor. As L-Carnitine is present endogenously blank correction wascarried by injecting blank six times and calculated for normalization. As the extraction is by simple PP internal standard was not used, and method ismeeting the criteria for validation using LCMSMS.Conclusion: Hence, considering L-Carnitine as the biomarker for T2DM and metformin as the drug for treatment, a simultaneous method wasdeveloped which can be validated as per regulatory requirements and can be verified for the applicability of the method as a therapeutic drugmonitoring and prognostic tool.Keywords: L-Carnitine, Metformin, Type 2 diabetes, Liquid chromatography mass spectrometer

Study of thyroid function in patients admitted in intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre

Background: Thyroid hormones play a key role in the maintenance of body growth by modulating metabolism and the immune system. These alterations in thyroid hormone levels are referred to as “euthyroid sick syndrome” or “non thyroidal illness syndrome” (NTIS), which is characterized by low serum levels of free and total triiodothyronine (T3) and high levels of reverse T3 (rT3) accompanied by normal or low levels of thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). During critical illness, changes in circulating hormone levels are a common phenomenon. These alterations are correlated with the severity of morbidity and the outcomes of patients in ICU.Methods: This study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital. 100 patients of age above 18yrs, both sexes, admitted to intensive care units with following diseases Septicemia, ARF, Respiratory failure, CCF, DKA, Stroke were taken into the cross-sectional study. Relevant hematological and radiological examination are done. Fasting venous blood samples were collected immediately on admission to ICU from all patients and were subjected for hormone analyses. Samples were tested for total T3, total T4, and TSH. The hormone estimation was done by chemiluminescence assay.Results: Patients (59%) had low T3 level, 41(41%) patients had normal T3, 31 patients (31%) had low T4, 69 patients (69%) had normal T4 level and TSH was low in 11 patients (11%), 76 patients (76%) had normal TSH and 14 patients (14%) slightly high. Our study showed low T3 (59%) is the commonest abnormality in ICU admitted patients. There is a significant relation present between T3 and mortality (p value-0.0001) and need for ventilation (p value 0.004).Conclusions: Our study suggests that low T3 is an important marker of mortality in ICU admitted patients. We suggest that in ICU patients T3 levels should be done and used as a prognostic marker for mortality and need for ventilation