Tinjauan terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik dalam Mengoperasikan Bilangan pada Penyelesaian Soal-soal Perkalian Bilangan Bulat Bentuk Aljabar pada Kelas VII SMP Al-hijrah Ambon

Salah satu hal yang mendorong manusia untuk belajar adalah adanya sifat kreatif dalam dirinya dan keinginan untuk maju. Ia tidak pernah merasa takut pada kesalahan dan kegagalan akan mendorongnya pada pencapaian prestasi yang memuaskan. Orang yang kreatif mempunyai kamampuan untuk melahirkan banyak alternatif, ide, solusi, kecepatan dan kemudahan dalam melahirkan sebuah karya. Adapun masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP Al-Hijrah Ambon dalam mengoperasikan bilangan pada penyelesaian soal-soal perkalian bilangan bulat bentuk aljabar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP AlHijrah Ambon dalam mengoperasikan bilangan pada penyelesaian soal-soal perkalian bilangan bulat bentuk aljabar. Dengan subjek penelitian 1 orang, sedangkan sumber data, antara lain orang tua subjek, guru matematika SMP AlHijrah Ambon dan teman dekat subjek. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan tahap-tahap berdasarkan pendapat Milles dan huberman (reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang mempunyai kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalam mengoperasikan bilangan pada penyelesaian soal-soal perkalian bilangan bulat bentuk aljabar, serta dapat dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa putri yang bernama SN (bukan nama sebenarnya). SN mempunyai tingkat kepercayaan diri yang tinggi. Dalam menyelesaikan soal latihan, SN menyelesaikan soal dengan cara yang berbeda dari apa yang telah diajarkan oleh peneliti. SN juga merupakan siswa yang aktif di dalam kelas serta mempunyai kecepatan dalam menyerap materi yang diajarkan, serta selalu berusaha untuk mengarahkan siswa yang lain yang mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar matematika. Oleh karena itu, kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah SN, memiliki kecakapan, fleksibilitas, orignalitas, serta kecakapan memberikan nilai tambah. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa SN mempunyai kemampuan berpikir yang kreatif dalam mengoperasikan bilangan pada penyelesaian soal-soal perkalian bilangan bulat bentuk aljabar. Kata kunci : Kemampuan Berpikir Kretif, Bilangan Bulat Bentuk Aljabar

Value Chain Analysis of Bamboo Production: The Case of Bule Woreda, Gedeo Zone, Snnprs

Bamboo plays very important role socially, economically and ecologically. Despite the fact that bamboo play important role in improving the livelihood of the local community it has an insignificant contribution due to the products are at a very rudimentary level and inexistence of well established bamboo industry. These situations hampered the opportunity of the potential of bamboo that will improve the poor living standards and hence sustainable utilization of the resources. This study was initiated to analyze the existing bamboo market chain in Bule Woreda Gedeo Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and Regional State. The focus of the study was to  analyze the determinants of marketable supply of Bamboo, identify actors involved in the processes and what do they actually do, investigate the costs incurred by each participants and the benefits driven by each. The data were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaires together with secondary data gathered from agricultural bureau offices and other unpublished sources. Robust Ordinary least square regression econometric model was used to analyze the determinants of market supply of bamboo. The results from this analysis indicates that price of bamboo culm, educational level of producers, distance to the nearest market, and access to market information were found to be  significant variables influencing bamboo supply to the market. A significant amount (70.16%) of bamboo produced is channeled through producers- traders- processors- consumers chain. The concentration ratio of two firms measures of market structure indicated there exist  super tight oligopolistic nature of bamboo market. Moreover, marketing margins also indicate that the producers get much lower benefit than any other market chain actors. The major problems of the production identified by bamboo producers in the study area arised from road infrastructure and market information. Therefore improving road infrastructure, provision of formal education and market information,  and improving the existing chain through creating appropriate market linkage are recommended. Keywords: Value chain, value chain analysis, structure- conduct- performance, concentration ratio, marketing channel and marketing margin

What is the impact of intraoperative microscope-integrated oct in ophthalmic surgery? Relevant applications and outcomes. a systematic review

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been introduced in the operating theatre. The aim of this review is to present the actual role of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MI-OCT) in ophthalmology. Method: A total of 314 studies were identified, following a literature search adhering to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After full-text evaluation, 81 studies discussing MI-OCT applications in ophthalmology were included. Results: At present, three microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography systems are commercially available. MI-OCT can help anterior and posterior segment surgeons in the decision-making process, providing direct visualization of anatomic planes before and after surgical manoeuvres, assisting in complex cases, and detecting or confirming intraoperative complications. Applications range from corneal transplant to macular surgery, including cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, paediatric examination, proliferative diabetic retinopathy surgery, and retinal detachment surgery. Conclusion: The use of MI-OCT in ophthalmic surgery is becoming increasingly prevalent and has been applied in almost all procedures. However, there are still limitations to be overcome and the technology involved remains difficult to access and use

Sampling protein motion and solvent effect during ligand binding.

An exhaustive description of the molecular recognition mechanism between a ligand and its biological target is of great value because it provides the opportunity for an exogenous control of the related process. Very often this aim can be pursued using high resolution structures of the complex in combination with inexpensive computational protocols such as docking algorithms. Unfortunately, in many other cases a number of factors, like protein flexibility or solvent effects, increase the degree of complexity of ligand/protein interaction and these standard techniques are no longer sufficient to describe the binding event. We have experienced and tested these limits in the present study in which we have developed and revealed the mechanism of binding of a new series of potent inhibitors of Adenosine Deaminase. We have first performed a large number of docking calculations, which unfortunately failed to yield reliable results due to the dynamical character of the enzyme and the complex role of the solvent. Thus, we have stepped up the computational strategy using a protocol based on metadynamics. Our approach has allowed dealing with protein motion and solvation during ligand binding and finally identifying the lowest energy binding modes of the most potent compound of the series, 4-decyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one

Keragaan Beberapa Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) Dengan Pemberian BAP, GA3 Dan Tergenang : Characteristics of several varieties of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) giving BAP, GA3 and flooded

This research aim to know the characteristic of some varieties of soybean giving BAP, GA3 and flooded. The research was conducted at Land Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia with altitude ± 25 meters in April 2017 until August 2017 using a randomized block design (RBD) with three factors, i. e : varieties (Grobogan, Argomulyo and Demas 1),hormone BAP and GA3 (0 ppm, BAP 30 ppm + GA3 100 ppm, BAP 60 ppm + GA3 200 ppm, and flooding (control and waterlogged. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, root volume, number of plants pods and number of seeds of crop. The results showed that varieties significantly affect plant height 2, 3, 5 week after planting, leaf number 3, 4 week after planting, root volume, number of plant pods and number of seeds of crop. plant growth regulator treatment significantly affected plant height 2, 3, 4 week after planting, and root volume. Flooding significantly affectted number of plants pods and number of seeds of crop. Interaction varieties and hormone significantly affected plant height 2, 3 week after planting, leaf number 4 week after planting and root volume. Interaction varieties and flooding significantly affect root volume. Interaction between varieties, plant growth regulator and flooding significantly affect the root volume.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karaketristik beberapa varietas kedelai dengan pemberian BAP, GA3 dan tergenang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia dengan ketinggian tempat ± 25 meter di atas permukaan laut pada bulan April 2017 hingga bulan Juli 2017 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan menggunakan tiga faktor perlakuan yaitu : varietas (Grobogan, Argomulyo dan Demas 1),ZPT (kontrol, BAP 30 ppm + GA3 100 ppm, BAP 60 ppm + GA3 200 ppm) dan genangan (kontrol dan tergenang). Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun,volume akar,jumlah polong pertanaman, jumlah biji pertanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 2, 3, 5 MST, jumlah daun 3, 4 MST, volume akar, jumlah polong pertanaman, jumlah biji pertanaman. Perlakuan ZPT berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 2, 3, 4 MST. Perlakuan genangan berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume akar, jumlah polong pertanaman dan jumlah biji pertanaman. Interaksi varietas dan zpt berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 2, 3 MST dan jumlah daun 4 MST. Interaksi antara varietas dan genangan berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume akar. Interaksi anatara varietas, ZPT dan genangan berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume akar. Interaksi varietas dan GA3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 3 MST.Interaksi antara varietas, genangan dan GA3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun 5 MST

Identification and mapping real-world data sources for heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, and atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Transparent and robust real-world evidence sources are increasingly important for global health, including cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to identify global real-world data (RWD) sources for heart failure (HF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of publications with RWD pertaining to HF, ACS, and AF (2010-2018), generating a list of unique data sources. Metadata were extracted based on the source type (e.g. electronic health records, genomics, clinical data), study design, population size, clinical characteristics, follow-up duration, outcomes, and assessment of data availability for future studies and linkage. RESULTS: Overall, 11,889 publications were retrieved for HF, 10,729 for ACS, and 6,262 for AF. From these, 322 (HF), 287 (ACS), and 220 (AF) data sources were selected for detailed review. Majority of data sources had near complete data on demographic variables (HF: 94%, ACS: 99%, and AF: 100%) and considerable data on comorbidities (HF: 77%, ACS: 93%, and AF: 97%). The least reported data categories were drug codes (HF, ACS, and AF: 10%) and caregiver involvement (HF: 6%, ACS: 1%, and AF: 1%). Only a minority of data sources provided information on access to data for other researchers (11%) or whether data could be linked to other data sources to maximize clinical impact (20%). The list and metadata for the RWD sources are publicly available at www.escardio.org/bigdata. CONCLUSIONS: This review has created a comprehensive resource of cardiovascular data sources, providing new avenues to improve future real-world research and to achieve better patient outcomes

Physical Activity and Falls in Older Men: The Critical Role of Mobility Limitations.

Physical activity (PA) has many health benefits but may increase falls risk among older adults. We study how objectively measured habitual daily PA is related to falls, exploring the modifying effect of mobility limitations and the mediating role of fitness and lower limb strength

Curcuma longa Extract Exerts a Myorelaxant Effect on the Ileum and Colon in a Mouse Experimental Colitis Model, Independent of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect

Background: Curcuma has long been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel disease. Since gastrointestinal motility is impaired in inflammatory states, the aim of this work was to evaluate if Curcuma Longa had any Methods: The biological activity of Curcuma extract was evaluated against Carbachol induced contraction in isolated mice intestine. Acute and chronic colitis were induced in Balb/c mice by Dextran Sulphate Sodium administration (5% and 2.5% respectively) and either Curcuma extract (200 mg/kg/day) or placebo was thereafter administered for 7 and 21 days respectively. Spontaneous contractions and the response to Carbachol and Atropine of ileum and colon were studied after colitis induction and Curcuma administration. Results: Curcuma extract reduced the spontaneous contractions in the ileum and colon; the maximal response to Carbachol was inhibited in a non-competitive and reversible manner. Similar results were obtained in ileum and colon from Curcuma fed mice. DSS administration decreased the motility, mainly in the colon and Curcuma almost restored both the spontaneous contractions and the response to Carbachol after 14 days assumption, compared to standard diet, but a prolonged assumption of Curcuma decreased the spontaneous and Carbachol-induced contractions. Conclusions: Curcuma extract has a direct and indirect myorelaxant effect on mouse ileum and colon, independent of the anti-inflammatory effect. The indirect effect is reversible and non-competitive with the cholinergic agent. These results suggest the use of curcuma extract as a spasmolytic agent

Inhibition of Ocular Aldose Reductase by a New Benzofuroxane Derivative Ameliorates Rat Endotoxic Uveitis

The study investigated the effects of the aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor benzofuroxane derivative 5(6)-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethoxy) benzofuroxane (herein referred to as BF-5m) on the biochemical and tissue alterations induced by endotoxic uveitis in rats. BF-5m has been administered directly into the vitreous, in order to assess the expression and levels of (i) inflammatory markers such as the ocular ubiquitin-proteasome system, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MCP-1; (ii) prooxidant and antioxidant markers such as nitrotyrosine, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); (iii) apoptotic/antiapoptotic factors caspases and Bcl-xl; (iv) markers of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) recruitment such as CD34 and CD117. 5 L of BF-5m (0.01; 0.05; and 0.1 M) into the right eye decreased in a dose-dependent manner the LPS-induced inflammation of the eye, reporting a clinical score 1. It reduced the ocular levels of ubiquitin, 20S and 26S proteasome subunits, NF-κB subunits, TNF-α, MCP-1, and nitrotyrosine. BF-5m ameliorated LPS-induced decrease in levels of MnSOD and GPX. Antiapoptotic effects were seen from BF-5m by monitoring the expression of Bcl-xl, an antiapoptotic protein. Similarly, BF-5m increased recruitment of the EPCs within the eye, as evidenced by CD34 and CD117 antibodies