Influence of light on serum cholesterol levels in complete (by birth) blind people

Background: With blindness normal stimulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis is reduced. The serum cholesterol is frequently increased the upper limit of normal it is unclear whether the effect is due to complete absence of light, HPA axis function reduction or diurnal variation of melatonin levels.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire ascertained lifestyle characteristics, including alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus and dietary habits. Inclusion criteria: 50 complete blindness persons (by birth), healthy adults, Age group between 30-50 years. Exclusion area: age 50, alcoholic, liver diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases.Results: A total No of 100 cases were studied by dividing them into two groups controls 50 and cases 50. The results so obtain were compared with 50 healthy controls (excluded consumed alcoholic, liver diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases.). Statistical evaluation was carried out to confirm any deviation from the normal values. The mean serum cholesterol of Cases (298.28±26.82) is having higher level as compared to the mean value of controls (153.38±11.79). This increase is statistically highly significant (<0.0001).Conclusions: It has been shown from this study with blindness normal stimulation of the HPA is reduced consequently the serum cholesterol is frequently increased the concentration may exceed the upper limit of normal. On this basis we observed increases the upper limit of the cholesterol levels in blind healthy people than subjects with normal healthy light perception

Estimation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and cholesterol levels in prolonged (30 years) daily consumption coffee in people

Background: Although prolonged (30years) coffee consumption has been associated with reduced or increased frequency of liver (SGOT, SGPT, GGT) enzymes and cholesterol levels, it is unclear whether the effect is from coffee or caffeine.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire ascertained lifestyle characteristics, including alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, Diabetes mellitus and Dietary habits. As for drinking habit, examinees were first asked about their current drinking frequency (none, 1-2 times/ week, or almost daily) past or current smokers about the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of smoking in years. As regards coffee, examinees were asked their usual daily intake in cups.Results: A total No of 200 cases were studied by dividing them into two group’s controls and cases. The results so obtain were compared with 50 healthy controls (not to consumed caffeine contained things that include nor coffee, tea, any type of cola’s). Statistical evaluation was carried out to confirm any deviation from the normal values. In men the mean serum SGOT, SGPT, GGT and cholesterol of cases is having higher level as compared to the mean value of controls. This increase is statistically highly significant (SGOT<0.0001, SGPT=0.045, GGT=0.0043, cholesterol<0.0001). In women’s the mean serum SGOT, SGPT, GGT and cholesterol of Cases is having higher level as compared to the mean value of Controls. This increase is statistically significant (SGOT< 0.05, SGPT=0.0319, GGT <0.0001, cholesterol: <0.0001).Conclusion: It has been shown from this study that prolonged daily consumption of coffee in many people it results increasing of levels of serum concentrations of the SGOT, SGPT, GGT and Cholesterol. It is observed that liver enzymes and cholesterol could be a target for caffeine or other components of coffee.

Evaluasi Stabilitas Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) dengan Basis Vanishing Cream (VC)

Daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids that can be used for pharmacology activity: annihilate the parasites that causing schistosomiasis, malaria leishmaniasis, antiamoeba, antitumor and antimicrobials. The purposes of this research were to screen the phytochemistry of african leaf, formulate and test the stability of vanishing cream (VC) base. The methods used were sample collection, extract preparation, formulation, and stability evaluation. The results showed that extract afrika leaves had alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Extract of daun afrika can be made to good VC base formula including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreading test, sticky test, and VC safety test by distributing questionnaires. The cream was stabil for 21 days at room temperature. Observation of physical properties good performed every week to organoleptis, pH, adhesion, and spreading power.  Key words: stability, V. amygdalina, kill parasites, Vanishing Crea

Performance Rubrics for Robustness Evaluation of Web Mutation Operators

Web Applications are the predominant medium for not only business enterprises but also for service-based sector to establish and continue their online presence. However, the robustness of web application is mandatory in seamless interaction with customers for achieving sustainable business. Intruders and unethical hackers keep trying to gain unauthentic access to the web applications and hence it is more necessary for the web application to be resistant against any such attacks. The strength of a web application is indirectly responsible for gaining customer confidence leading to repeat business as well as attracting new customers for profitable longer run. Once the web application gains credibility it is bound to run successfully. In the current work, an attempt has been made to assess the robustness of mutation operators used to test web applications is made. A few rubrics have been proposed to ascertain the strength of projected mutation operators verified on some sample open-source web applications. The functional attributes of a web application are the functionalities offered by the web application. The non-functional attributes of a typical web application are security, performance, availability. Here, web applications are challenged against the afore mentioned non-functional attributes using rubrics like uniformity, uniqueness, reliability, unpredictability, and entropy. A comprehensive analysis has been made for the robustness of the projected web operators against the designed and formulated rubrics

Pengaruh Gelatin sebagai Bahan Pengikat terhadap Sifat Fisik Tablet Kunyah Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) dengan Granulasi Basah

Tablet kunyah merupakan sediaan yang cocok untuk rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dalam penggunaannya sebagai obat tradisional. Gelatin merupakan bahan pengikat yang dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi dapat menghasilkan sifat fisik tablet kunyah yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gelatin sebagai bahan pengikat pada tablet kunyah kelopak bunga rosella dan mengetahui konsentrasi gelatin yang dapat menghasilkan formula terbaik, sehingga dihasilkan tablet yang berkualitas. Kelopak bunga rosella diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Penyari yang digunakan adalah etanol 70%. Tablet kunyah dibuat menjadi 3 formula dengan konsentrasi gelatin 5, 10, dan 15% menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Granul yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisiknya meliputi waktu alir, sudut diam, dan susut pengeringan. Granul kering kemudian dicetak menjadi tablet menggunakan mesin dengan tekanan maksimal. Tablet kunyah diuji sifat fisiknya meliputi keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, dan tanggapan rasa. Data dianalisis secara statistik Kolmogorof-Smirnov, anova satu jalan, Tukey test menggunakan program SPSS 12.0 for windows dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelatin dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi berpengaruh terhadap kekerasan dan kerapuhan tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap keseragaman bobot tablet kunyah. Konsentrasi gelatin 5% merupakan formula yang terbaik, karena dengan konsentrasi gelatin yang kecil sudah dapat memenuhi syarat sifat fisik dan evaluasi tanggapan rasa

Uji Efektivitas Repellent Sediaan Lotion Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Zodia (Evodia Suaveolens Scheff) dan Minyak Atsiri Batang Serai (Cymbopogon Citratus) terhadap Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti L.

Zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) are native Indonesian plants with repellant activity against mosquitoes and insects. The purpose of this research were to formulate and evaluate the repellant activity of zodia-serai lotion against Aedes aegypti and determine the protection power of three formulas of lotion. The method used in this research including steam distillation of essential oil from zodia leaves and lemongrass, formulation and evaluation of lotions, power protection test, and data analysis. The result of this research showed that lotion had acidic pH of 5, and they were stable without separation after stability evaluation with centrifugation. The most effective repellant activity of the lotion was exhibited at 0 hours with 100% of repellency. The best combination of essential oils of zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) as Aedes aegypti repellent was at ratio of 7:3

The Hurdles of the Teacher in the Practice of Target Language in the Indonesian Efl Junior High School

In teaching learning process, the target language is an important thing which has been noticed by the teacher. The phenomenon about misunderstanding language is not only occurring in daily life with soft conversation but also in the formal education. In education event, when the teacher teaches students in the classroom, they use target language during activities. The aims of this study were to describe the teacher\u27s hurdles in using target language at first grade of Junior high school and how the teacher delivered instruction by using target language at EFL class. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. This study used a qualitative description. Five English teachers were involved. The researcher collected the data as interview, and observation. Referring to the finding of the study, based on result of interview found the teachers problems used target language in teaching learning process, such as; the low vocabulary of the students, the ability of English skill of the students, the situation in the classroom did not support the use of target language, the time was not effective. Based on the findings of classroom observation in classroom the teacher delivered used the target language in simple sentence on greeting, giving instruction, asking question, delivering materials and closing