Prioritization of watersheds using multi-criteria evaluation through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

Conservation of available natural resources through demarcation of potential zones at micro level are primary necessitate for sustainable development, particularly in the fragile semi-arid tropics.  Delineation of potential zones for implementation of conservation measures above the entire watershed at similar occurrence is inaccessible as well as uneconomical; consequently it is a prerequisite to apply viable technique for prioritization of sub-watersheds (SWDs).  Keeping this in view, the present research attempted to study various morphological characteristics and to implement Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) through Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) techniques for identification of critical sub-watersheds situated in transaction zone between mountainous and water scarcity region of Western Part of India.  The morphometric characterization was obtained through the measurement of three distinct linear, areal and relief aspects over the eight sub-watersheds.  The morphometric characterization showed imperative role in distinguishing the topographical and hydrological behavior of the watershed.  Each hydrological unit was ranked with respect to the value and weightages obtained by deriving the relationships between the morphometric parameters obtained through classification of the SWDs by associating the robustness of fuzzy logic and the Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP).  Based on FAHP approach, sub-watersheds were evaluated as vulnerability assessment zones and alienated into five prioritization levels: very less, less, medium, high and very high classes.  The evaluated results illustrated that 60.85% of sub-watersheds (five sub-watersheds) were in the medium to high susceptible zones, which depicted potential areas for necessity of establishment of conservation interventions for the sustainable watershed management planning.  The FAHP based technique is a viable approach in illustrating the dilemma particularly over data hungry and complex conventional soil and water risk assessment methods and will be useful to various stakeholders (rural extension community, agriculturists and water resources managers) for better decision making with an obliging rule based system for implementing various assessment measures.   Keywords: fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, geographic information system, multiple criteria decision making, watershed prioritizatio

An anaesthesiologists concern in a patient with posterior mediastinal mass

Large mediastinal masses may cause life threatening cardiorespiratory collapse depending on their location. An 18 years old female underwent ganglioneuroma excision. She had a 15×9.4×9.1 cm left sided cervico-thoracic mass surrounded by major blood vessels with mild encasement of left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery. After placing thoracic epidural, mask ventilation was confirmed with sevoflurane induction, and succinylcholine was given for intubation. Invasive monitoring of blood pressure was obtained with intravenous access in upper and lower limbs. For lung isolation, coopdech bronchial blocker was inserted into left main bronchus. Intraoperatively she was maintained on atracurium infusion, sevoflurane in oxygen air mixture. With a left hemiclamshell incision, mass was carefully separated from surrounding blood vessels and removed en bloc. After surgery patient was extubated and shifted to intensive care unit for observation. Patient was pain free and comfortable. Though our patients anaesthesia management and surgery was uneventful, we would like to discuss the potential complications that may arise with posterior mediastinal tumours as there are few articles discussing about the anaesthetic management of posterior mediastinal tumours.

An Image Based Approach of IRIS Recognition for Person Identification using Segmentation Algorithm

A biometric system gives automatic identification of an individual based on a unique feature or characteristic possessed by the individual. Iris recognition system is regarded as the most reliable and accurate biometric identification system available. Also, Iris recognition is considered to be the most reliable and accurate biometric identification system present. Iris recognition system captures an image of an individual’s eye, the iris in the image is then meant for the segmentation and normalization for extracting its features. The performance of iris recognition systems mainly depends on the segmentation. Segmentation is used for the localization of the correct iris region in the particular region of an eye and it should be done accurately and correctly to remove the eyelids, eyelashes, reection and pupil noises present in iris region. Iris images are selected from the Database, then the iris and pupil boundary is detected from rest of the eye image,by removing the noises. The segmented iris region was normalized to compress the dimensional inconsistencies between two iris regions by using Then the features of the iris were encoded by convolving the normalized iris. The Hamming distance was chosen as a matching metric parameter, which gave the measure of how many bits disagreed between the templates of the iris

Anaesthesia management in a patient of interstitial lung disease with pulmonary hypertension for emergency laparotomy

We report the anesthaetic management of a patient with known case of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with profound fibrotic changes and bullae with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) posted for exploratory laparotomy for cecal volvulus. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was done under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia to avoid intra-operative and post-operative pulmonary complications associated with general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation

Emerging Therapies in Retinal Diseases: From Gene Therapy to Stem Cell Interventions

Retinal disorders pose a serious threat to eye health as they frequently result in blindness and reduced vision. There is hope that the treatment of many illnesses will be revolutionised by emerging medicines, especially gene therapy and stem cell approaches. This study explores the current state of these innovative therapies and how they could affect retinal disorders. By replacing or repairing damaged genes, gene therapy, which uses precise genetic modification, shows promise in treating hereditary retinal problems. Clinical trials have yielded promising results, including improvements in visual function and optimism for patients with illnesses such as choroideremia and Leber congenital amaurosis. Regenerative approaches are provided by stem cell therapies, which restore damaged retinal tissues. Numerous stem cell varieties, including as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, show promise in preclinical research and early-stage clinical trials, suggesting that cell replacement techniques may be a viable means of recovering vision. On the other hand, effective delivery, long-term safety, and ethical issues provide obstacles on the path to clinical application. To fully realise the transformational potential of these medicines, it is imperative to address these obstacles. There is potential for improved visual outcomes, targeted therapies, and personalised care as gene therapy and stem cell interventions advance. These developments highlight the promising future of treating retinal illnesses

Nasal intubation with bronchial blocker in a patient with difficult airway for thoracoscopic surgery

We describe a case report of a 49 years old male, a case of Carcinoma tongue with one finger mouth opening operated multiple times, currently presented with pleural based soft tissue lesion in lower lobe of left lung with query metastasis posted for video assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS) SOS open thoracotomy and wedge resection of the lesion. Considering difficult airway due to restricted mouth opening we opted for an awake nasal fiberoptic intubation followed by general anaesthesia. One lung ventilation was achieved with CoopdechTM bronchial blocker type A with standard cuff size in left main stem bronchus. Postoperative course of patient was uneventful. In this case report we highlight the importance of use of fiberoptic bronchoscope and bronchial blocker for lung deflation in the management of difficult airway in VATS, as incomplete deflation of the nondependent lung during VATS can lead to poor surgical exposure and inadequate space for surgical manipulation which in turn can compromise the success of the procedure, and may possibly lead to conversion into an open approach

Load Balancing Model in Cloud Computing Environment

As organizations need to focus on maintaining their datacenter in order to store huge amount of data of their clients. So cloud computing is one of the greatest platform which provides storage of data in very lower cost to organizations and available for all time over the internet. But it has some critical issues like load management. Load Balancing approach is based on Cloud partitioning concept. Load balancing is the process of distributing load over the different nodes which provides good resource utilization when nodes are overloaded with job. In this approach, we are using model in which memory size of every partition will be checked linearly and for efficient retrieval of user’s file, we use Bloom filter algorithm. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15036

Evaluación de dimetilsulfóxido y Aloe vera como potenciadores de la penetración para la aplicación cutánea de lidocaína

Objective: The objective of the present work was to compare and verify efficacy of Aloe vera (1 to 3 %) with dimethyl sulfoxide (1 to 3 %) for its penetration enhancing property for topical delivery of lidocaine. Method: Carbopol 934 was used as gelling agent for preparation of lidocaine gel formulations containing or not dimetilsulfoxido or Aloe vera (1%, 2% and 3%). Gels were evaluated for physical appearance, rheological behavior, drug content, drug release and stability. Results: It was inferred from result that obtained gel formulation were good in appearance, homogeneity and consistency. In vitro drug release profiles showed that concentrations of Aloe vera gel increased in formulations, the drug release rate increased substantially. It was observed that F6 formulation which comprised of 3% Aloe vera as permeation enhancer exhibited 79.18 % of drug release. Similarly, for formulation F3 which comprised of 3% dimetilsulfoxido as permeation enhancer the drug release was found to be 84.52%. Use of Aloe vera may prove to be beneficial as compared to synthetic permeation enhancers. Conclusion: Based on results of the study it was concluded that the topical gel of lidocaine prepared along with Carbopol 934 by using Aloe vera as a natural penetration enhancer at a concentration of 3% can be used to enhance the penetration for lidocain across the skin.Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar y verificar la eficacia de Aloe vera (1 a 3%) con dimetilsulfoxido (1 a 3%) por su propiedad de mejora de la penetración para la administración tópica de lidocaína. Método: Carbopol 934 se usó como agente gelificante para la preparación de formulaciones de gel de lidocaína que contenían o no dimetilsulfoxido o Aloe vera (1%, 2% y 3%). Los geles se evaluaron por su aspecto físico, comportamiento reológico, contenido de fármaco, liberación de fármaco y estabilidad. Resultados: Se dedujo del resultado que la formulación del gel obtenido era adecuada en apariencia, homogeneidad y consistencia. Los perfiles de liberación de fármaco in vitro mostraron que conforme aumentaban el porcentaje de “Aloe vera” en las formulaciones, la tasa de liberación del fármaco se incrementaba sustancialmente. Se observó que la formulación F6 que contenía un 3% de Aloe vera como potenciador de la permeación exhibía un 79,18% de liberación de fármaco. De manera similar, para la formulación F3, que comprendía un 3% de DMSO como potenciador de la permeación, se encontró que la liberación del fármaco era del 84,52%. El uso de Aloe vera puede resultar beneficioso en comparación con los potenciadores de permeación sintéticos. Conclusión: Sobre la base de los resultados del estudio, se concluyó que el gel tópico de lidocaína preparado junto con Carbopol 934 mediante el uso de Aloe vera como un potenciador natural de la penetración a una concentración del 3%, se puede usar para mejorar la penetración de lidocaína en la piel

Efficacy and safety of vutrisiran for patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: The study objective was to assess the effect of vutrisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that reduces transthyretin (TTR) production, in patients with hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. METHODS: HELIOS-A was a phase 3, global, open-label study comparing the efficacy and safety of vutrisiran with an external placebo group (APOLLO study). Patients were randomized 3:1 to subcutaneous vutrisiran 25 mg every 3 months (Q3M) or intravenous patisiran 0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) for 18 months. RESULTS: HELIOS-A enrolled 164 patients (vutrisiran, n = 122; patisiran reference group, n = 42); external placebo, n = 77. Vutrisiran met the primary endpoint of change from baseline in modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 (mNIS+7) at 9 months (p = 3.54 × 10−12), and all secondary efficacy endpoints; significant improvements versus external placebo were observed in Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy, 10-meter walk test (both at 9 and 18 months), mNIS+7, modified body-mass index, and Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (all at 18 months). TTR reduction with vutrisiran Q3M was non-inferior to within-study patisiran Q3W. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity, and consistent with ATTRv amyloidosis natural history. There were no drug-related discontinuations or deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Vutrisiran significantly improved multiple disease-relevant outcomes for ATTRv amyloidosis versus external placebo, with an acceptable safety profile

Plakophilin3 Loss Leads to an Increase in PRL3 Levels Promoting K8 Dephosphorylation, Which Is Required for Transformation and Metastasis

The desmosome anchors keratin filaments in epithelial cells leading to the formation of a tissue wide IF network. Loss of the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) in HCT116 cells, leads to an increase in neoplastic progression and metastasis, which was accompanied by an increase in K8 levels. The increase in levels was due to an increase in the protein levels of the Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL3), which results in a decrease in phosphorylation on K8. The increase in PRL3 and K8 protein levels could be reversed by introduction of an shRNA resistant PKP3 cDNA. Inhibition of K8 expression in the PKP3 knockdown clone S10, led to a decrease in cell migration and lamellipodia formation. Further, the K8 PKP3 double knockdown clones showed a decrease in colony formation in soft agar and decreased tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. These results suggest that a stabilisation of K8 filaments leading to an increase in migration and transformation may be one mechanism by which PKP3 loss leads to tumor progression and metastasis