Lineamentos estruturais na borda leste da Bacia do Paraná em Santa Catarina: análise multiescala com base em imagens LANDSAT e SRTM

This paper presents the study of structural lineaments in part of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study area comprises Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks, as well as different stratigraphic units of the Paraná Basin (Paleozoic and Mesozoic). The lineaments were interpreted from the digital analysis of LANDSAT satellite images and shaded relief images generated from the SRTM project, with the use of geoprocessing technologies. The data obtained from the LANDSAT and SRTM project were effective in the identification of brittle lineaments for the scales 1:100,000 and 1:500,000. The application of this methodology shows that the trends of these structural lineaments, grouped in domain lithologies, depend on the kind of remote sensor images. The results of rose diagrams obtained from the images of the Project SRTM do not follow the same pattern according to the scale adopted. For the final analysis, the two sets of obtained lineaments (LANDSAT and SRTM) were merged. The main patterns of orientations observed are distributed in three main systems: NW-SE, NS ± 5 and NE-SW. The lineament analysis according the lithologic domains shows that main direction do not vary, taking into account different scale products. An exception is the Serra Geral Formation, in the 1:100,000 scale, that highlights the NE-SW direction. The analysis of lineaments on the 1:500,000 scale, for the area corresponding to the Catarinense Shield, shows preferential NS ± 5° directions. The Paleozoic and Mesozoic structures are preferentially oriented in NW-SE direction and secondary NS ± 5° direction. In the region of the Lages Dome, a few lineaments were identified on the lithologic sedimentary units of Itararé and Guatá groups. In general, the intensity and density of the lineaments on the 1:100,000 scale are present in lithologic groups. This demonstrates that, for the identification of shallow structures, this scale is more appropriate.Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de lineamentos estruturais de uma porção da borda leste da Bacia do Paraná em Santa Catarina e do Escudo Catarinense. A área engloba rochas da Formação Serra Geral, da Sequência Gondwânica e pré-cambrianas do referido escudo. Os lineamentos estruturais foram interpretados a partir da análise digital de imagens do satélite LANDSAT e de imagens de relevo sombreado, geradas a partir do Projeto SRTM, com o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Os dados obtidos a partir das imagens LANDSAT e do projeto SRTM mostraram-se eficazes na identificação de lineamentos rúpteis nas escalas 1:100.000 e 1:500.000. A aplicação desta metodologia mostra que as direções dos lineamentos estruturais, separados por domínios litológicos, são dependentes das imagens utilizadas de cada sensor, e que os diagramas de roseta obtidos a partir das imagens do Projeto SRTM não seguem o mesmo padrão de acordo com a escala adotada. A integração dos resultados obtidos (LANDSAT e SRTM) mostra três padrões principais de orientações: NW-SE, NS ± 5° e NE-SW. Os compartimentos estudados não apresentam diferença significativa entre as escalas analisadas, com exceção da Formação Serra Geral que, na escala 1:100.000, destaca a direção NE-SW. Os lineamentos do Escudo Catarinense, na escala 1:500.000, exibem direções preferenciais NS ± 5°. No Paleozoico (Sequência Gondwânica) e Mesozoico (Fm. Serra Geral), as estruturas estão orientadas preferencialmente NW-SE e, secundariamente, NS ± 5°. Na região do Domo de Lages, onde ocorrem os grupos Itararé e Guatá, foram identificados poucos lineamentos. Na escala 1:100.000, os compartimentos investigados apresentam, em geral, lineamentos com intensidade e densidade mais homogêneas, sugerindo ser esta escala a mais adequada para identificação de estruturas rasas

(U-th)/he ages from the fuorite mineralization of the Tanguá Alkaline intrusion

The Tanguá Alkaline Suite formed as a result of Mesozoic to Cenozoic magmatic events that affected the part of the South American Platform in Brazil’s southeast. The alkaline intrusion is composed of alkali-feldspar syenite with nepheline (pulaskites and umptekites), syenite (with or without the presence of pseudo-leucite), varied nepheline syenites (foyaites, micro-foyaites etc.) and alkaline magmatic breccias. The intrusion contains important fluorite mineralization, in the form of NE-SW oriented veins, which were economically extracted in recent decades at the Emitang Mine. This paper focuses on the analysis of these centimetric crystals of fluorite which vary in color from (yellow, to white and pur-ple.) associated with mineralization of Tanguá Body. Geochronological dating by (U-Th)/He of fluorite mineralization showed a wide range of ages, with the oldest age of 74 ± 3 Ma (Late Cretaceous) and the youngest of 0.11 ± 0.02 Ma (Late Pleistocene). Most ages are concentrated between 25 and 8 Ma (Miocene). The oldest age (74.0 ± 3 Ma) is associated with hydrothermal fluids percolating at the time of intrusion of the Tanguá Body. The other ages represent episodes of percolation of hydrothermal fluids and consequent growth of fluorite crystals. Of note is a set of Miocene ages that can be associated with regional tectonic events. This phase of flurite growth may be associated with the reactivation of basement faults and structures in the Tanguá region and the circulation of hydrothermal fluids associated with intrusion of younger dikes. The youngest ages may be associated with neotectonic reactivation of faults during neotectonic events

Tectônica transcorrente mesozoica/cenozoica na porção leste do Planalto do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Structural analysis of faults and fractures were carried in quarries volcanic rocks of the Serra Geral Formation, Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul Plateau. They allowed defining four main families of faults: NE-SW to NNE-SSW, WNW-ESE to E-W, N-S and NW-SE. The tectonic lineaments (392) extracted from Landsat TM7 images and SRTM - digital elevation model, in the 1:250,000 scale, frequently show structures with a preferred WNW- ESE (N60 -80W) trend, and secondarily NE-SW (N30-40E) and NNE-SSW (N0°-10E) trends. The outcrops analysis predominantly showed NE-SW and ENE to E-W trends with dextral strike-slip kinematics, and the presence of microfiber carbonates and iron manganese oxides along fault planes. On the other hand, for the patterns N-S and WNW–ESE, both dextral and sinistral strike-slip kinematics were obtained, without the filling of microfiber. A chronological relation of the different fault families establishes that the NW one is older, probably of Early Cretaceous age, and that the NE-SW and NW-SE ones with dextral and sinistral kinematics, respectively, are younger, with age between Paleogene and Neogene. However, both N-S to NNE (dextral) and ENE-WSW to E-W (sinistral) fault patterns have intermediate age, between Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene.A análise estrutural de falhas e fraturas realizada em pedreiras de rochas vulcânicas da Formação Serra Geral, Bacia do Paraná, região serrana do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, permitiu definir quatro famílias principais de falhas: NE-SW a NNE-SSW, WNW-ESE a E-W, N-S e NW-SE (menos expressivas na escala de afloramento). Os lineamentos (392) extraídos de imagens LANDSAT TM7 e do modelo digital de elevação-SRTM, na escala 1:250.000 apresentam uma frequência de estruturas com orientação dominante WNW-ESE (N60-80W), com valores menos expressivos orientados NE-SW (N30- 40E) e NNE-SSW, N0-10E). As falhas NE-SW e E-W acham-se preenchidas por microfibras de carbonatos e óxidos (de ferro e manganês) e mostram o predomínio de cinemática transcorrente destral. Já as falhas N-S e WNW-ESE não são preenchidas por microfibras, e a cinemática das transcorrências é dominantemente sinistral. A relação cronológica entre as famílias de falhas sugere três grupos de falhas transcorrentes: um mais antigo (Eocretáceo), com direção NW e cinemática destral, um intermediário (Neocretáceo ao Paleógeno), com direções N-S a NNE-SSW (destral) e ENE-SSW a E-W (sinistral), e outro mais novo (Paleógeno ao Neógeno), com direções NE-SW (destral) e NW-SE (sinistral)

Relato final do III Encontro do Fórum Nacional de cursos de geologia

O III Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, promovido pelo Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em colaboração com a Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, realizou-se na cidade de Diamantina (MG), nas dependências do Centro de Geologia Eschwege, unidade do Instituto Casa da Glória da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no intervalo dos dias 20 a 23 de junho de 2004. O III Encontro contou com o apoio do Instituto de Geociências da Unicamp, da Federação Nacional dos Geólogos (FEBRAGEO) e do Sindicato dos Geólogos no Estado de São Paulo (SIGESP). Não foi possível obter, nesta oportunidade, auxílio do Conselho Federal de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia (CONFEA), que apoiou financeiramente a realização do II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, realizado em Belém (PA), no ano de 2003, e do Conselho Regional de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia de Minas Gerais (CREA-MG)11849

A randomized controlled trial to investigate the influence of low dose radiotherapy on immune stimulatory effects in liver metastases of colorectal cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Insufficient migration and activation of tumor specific effector T cells in the tumor is one of the main reasons for inadequate host anti-tumor immune response. External radiation seems to induce inflammation and activate the immune response. This phase I/II clinical trial aims to evaluate whether low dose single fraction radiotherapy can improve T cell associated antitumor immune response in patients with colorectal liver metastases.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This is an investigator-initiated, prospective randomised, 4-armed, controlled Phase I/II trial. Patients undergoing elective hepatic resection due to colorectal cancer liver metastasis will be enrolled in the study. Patients will receive 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy or 5 Gy radiation targeted to their liver metastasis. Radiation will be applied by external beam radiotherapy using a 6 MV linear accelerator (Linac) with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique two days prior to surgical resection. All patients admitted to the Department of General-, Visceral-, and Transplantion Surgery, University of Heidelberg for elective hepatic resection are consecutively screened for eligibility into this trial, and written informed consent is obtained before inclusion. The primary objective is to assess the effect of active local external beam radiation dose on, tumor infiltrating T cells as a surrogate parameter for antitumor activity. Secondary objectives include radiogenic treatment toxicity, postoperative morbidity and mortality, local tumor control and recurrence patterns, survival and quality of life. Furthermore, frequencies of systemic tumor reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow will be correlated with clinical outcome.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This is a randomized controlled patient blinded trial to assess the safety and efficiency of low dose radiotherapy on metastasis infiltrating T cells and thus potentially enhance the antitumor immune response.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01191632">NCT01191632</a></p

Randomized controlled phase I/II study to investigate immune stimulatory effects by low dose radiotherapy in primarily operable pancreatic cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The efficiencies of T cell based immunotherapies are affected by insufficient migration and activation of tumor specific effector T cells in the tumor. Accumulating evidence exists on the ability of ionizing radiation to modify the tumor microenvironment and generate inflammation. The aim of this phase I/II clinical trial is to evaluate whether low dose single fraction radiotherapy can improve T cell associated antitumor immune response in patients with pancreatic cancer.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This trial has been designed as an investigator initiated; prospective randomised, 4-armed, controlled Phase I/II trial. Patients who are candidates for resection of pancreatic cancer will be randomized into 4 arms. A total of 40 patients will be enrolled. The patients receive 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy or 5 Gy radiation precisely targeted to their pancreatic carcinoma. Radiation will be delivered by external beam radiotherapy using a 6 MV Linac with IMRT technique 48 h prior to the surgical resection. The primary objective is the determination of an active local external beam radiation dose, leading to tumor infiltrating T cells as a surrogate parameter for antitumor activity. Secondary objectives include local tumor control and recurrence patterns, survival, radiogenic treatment toxicity and postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as quality of life. Further, frequencies of tumor reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow as well as whole blood cell transcriptomics and plasma-proteomics will be correlated with clinical outcome. An interim analysis will be performed after the enrolment of 20 patients for safety reasons. The evaluation of the primary endpoint will start four weeks after the last patient's enrolment.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This trial will answer the question whether a low dose radiotherapy localized to the pancreatic tumor only can increase the number of tumor infiltrating T cells and thus potentially enhance the antitumor immune response. The study will also investigate the prognostic and predictive value of radiation-induced T cell activity along with transcriptomic and proteomic data with respect to clinical outcome.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov - <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01027221">NCT01027221</a></p

Diretrizes curriculares para os cursos de graduação em Geologia e Engenharia Geológica

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