Correction, improvement and model verification of CARE 3, version 3

An independent verification of the CARE 3 mathematical model and computer code was conducted and reported in NASA Contractor Report 166096, Review and Verification of CARE 3 Mathematical Model and Code: Interim Report. The study uncovered some implementation errors that were corrected and are reported in this document. The corrected CARE 3 program is called version 4. Thus the document, correction. improvement, and model verification of CARE 3, version 3 was written in April 1984. It is being published now as it has been determined to contain a more accurate representation of CARE 3 than the preceding document of April 1983. This edition supercedes NASA-CR-166122 entitled, 'Correction and Improvement of CARE 3,' version 3, April 1983

Corn Performance Tests, 1946

Corn performance tests are conducted each year by the Agronomy Department of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station to supply to those interested in corn impartial information on the yielding ability, maturity requirements and other characteristics of hybrids and open-pollinated varieties. It would be impractical to attempt to test all of the several hundred commercial hybrids sold in the state or try to locate tests in each of the various districts into which the state might be divided on the basis of soil type, elevation, rainfall and length of growing season. Therefore, hybrids which enjoyed the greatest popularity on the basis of sales volume in 1945 in each of the eight general areas in the state, were included in the 1946 tests along with several open-pollinated varieties which are still grown in each area. This makes available performance results on the most important of the hybrids being planted in South Dakota. To best determine the value of any one hybrid or variety, its average performance in any one area over a number of years is the criterion which should be used, because in any one year the hybrid may fluctuate in its relative value due to the specific environmental conditions under which the test was conducted. However, many hybrids sold in South Dakota are not too well adapted for the short growing season and the other environmental conditions which exist. This has caused a shifting in the particular hybrids offered for sale each year and not many of those included in the 1946 tests were also tested in 1945. For this reason only one year\u27s results are given below. As better adapted hybrids are developed, and are sold year after year, average performance scores will accumulate and these tests will become more valuable. If used with discretion, the 1946 data will provide readers with information valuable as an aid in selecting hybrids for various areas of the state

Infrared chemiluminescence studies of H + BrCN and H abstraction by CN reactions. Importance of the HNC channel

The H + BrCN reaction and the H abstraction reactions from HI, H2S, PH3, SiH4, CH3OCH3, c-C5H10 and C(CH3)4 by CN were studied by infrared chemiluminescence in a fast flow reactor. From the dependence of the HCN and HNC emission intensities on temperature, activation energies of 5.2 ± 0.4 and 7.5 ± 0.8 kcal mol-1 were assigned for the HCN and HNC channels from the H + BrCN reaction. The anharmonicity constant, X3,3 for HNC, was determined to be 66 cm-1. All reactions yielded HCN with an inverted vibrational distribution in v2 along with v2 excitation and <fv> = 0.4-0.5. The abstraction reaction PH3 and HI produced HNC (v3,≥ 1) with HNC/HCN ratios of ≥ 0.02 and ≥ 0.43, respectively

Ab Initio Study of Hybrid b-bar-gb Mesons

Hybrid b-bar-gb molecules in which the heavy b-bar-b pair is bound together by the excited gluon field g are studied using the Born-Oppenheimer expansion and numerical simulations. The consistency of results from the two approaches reveals a simple and compelling physical picture for heavy hybrid states.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, uses REVTeX and epsf, final published versio

Unquenched Charmonium with NRQCD - Lattice 2000

We present results from a series of NRQCD simulations of the charmonium system, both in the quenched approximation and with n_f = 2 dynamical quarks. The spectra show evidence for quenching effects of ~10% in the S- and P-hyperfine splittings. We compare this with other systematic effects. Improving the NRQCD evolution equation altered the S-hyperfine by as much as 20 MeV, and we estimate radiative corrections may be as large as 40%.Comment: Lattice 2000 (Heavy Quark Physics

Mean link versus average plaquette tadpoles in lattice NRQCD

We compare mean-link and average plaquette tadpole renormalization schemes in the context of the quarkonium hyperfine splittings in lattice NRQCD. Simulations are done for the three quarkonium systems $c\bar c$, $b\bar c$, and $b\bar b$. The hyperfine splittings are computed both at leading and at next-to-leading order in the relativistic expansion. Results are obtained at a large number of lattice spacings. A number of features emerge, all of which favor tadpole renormalization using mean links. This includes much better scaling of the hyperfine splittings in the three quarkonium systems. We also find that relativistic corrections to the spin splittings are smaller with mean-link tadpoles, particularly for the $c\bar c$ and $b\bar c$ systems. We also see signs of a breakdown in the NRQCD expansion when the bare quark mass falls below about one in lattice units (with the bare quark masses turning out to be much larger with mean-link tadpoles).Comment: LATTICE(heavyqk) 3 pages, 2 figure

In situ radiographic investigation of de lithiation mechanisms in a tin electrode lithium ion battery.

The lithiation and delithiation mechanisms of multiple Sn particles in a customized flat radiography cell were investigated by in amp; 8197;situ synchrotron radiography. For the first time, four de lithiation phenomena in a Sn electrode battery system are highlighted 1 amp; 8197;the de lithiation behavior varies between different Sn particles, 2 amp; 8197;the time required to lithiate individual Sn particles is markedly different from the time needed to discharge the complete battery, 3 amp; 8197;electrochemical deactivation of originally electrochemically active particles is reported, and 4 amp; 8197;a change of electrochemical behavior of individual particles during cycling is found and explained by dynamic changes of de lithiation pathways amongst particles within the electrode. These unexpected findings fundamentaly expand the understanding of the underlying de lithiation mechanisms inside commercial lithium ion batteries LIBs and would open new design principles for high performance next generation LIB

Tank Focus Area pretreatment activities

Plans call for the high-level wastes to be retrieved from the tanks and immobilized in a stable waste form suitable for long-term isolation. Chemistry and chemical engineering operations are required to retrieve the wastes, to condition the wastes for subsequent steps, and to reduce the costs of the waste management enterprise. Pretreatment includes those processes between retrieval and immobilization, and includes preparation of suitable feed material for immobilization and separations to partition the waste into streams that yield lower life-cycle costs. Some of the technologies being developed by the Tank Focus Area (TFA) to process these wastes are described. These technologies fall roughly into three areas: (1) solid/liquid separation (SLS), (2) sludge pretreatment, and (3) supernate pretreatment

Morphological evolution of electrochemically plated stripped lithium microstructures by synchrotron X ray phase contrast tomography

Due to its low redox potential and high theoretical specific capacity, Li metal has drawn worldwide research attention because of its potential use in next generation battery technologies such as Li S and Li O2. Unfortunately, uncontrollable growth of Li microstructures LmSs, e.g., dendrites, fibers during electrochemical Li stripping plating has prevented their practical commercialization. Despite various strategies proposed to mitigate LmS nucleation and or block its growth, a fundamental understanding of the underlying evolution mechanisms remains elusive. Herein, synchrotron in line phase contrast X ray tomography was employed to investigate the morphological evolution of electrochemically deposited dissolved LmSs nondestructively. We present a 3D characterization of electrochemically stripped Li electrodes with regard to electrochemically plated LmSs. We clarify fundamentally the origin of the porous lithium interface growing into Li electrodes. Moreover, cleavage of the separator caused by growing LmS was experimentally observed and visualized in 3D. Our systematic investigation provides fundamental insights into LmS evolution and enables us to understand the evolution mechanisms in Li electrodes more profoundl

Heavy Quarks on Anisotropic Lattices: The Charmonium Spectrum

We present results for the mass spectrum of $c{\bar c}$ mesons simulated on anisotropic lattices where the temporal spacing $a_t$ is only half of the spatial spacing $a_s$. The lattice QCD action is the Wilson gauge action plus the clover-improved Wilson fermion action. The two clover coefficients on an anisotropic lattice are estimated using mean links in Landau gauge. The bare velocity of light $\nu_t$ has been tuned to keep the anisotropic, heavy-quark Wilson action relativistic. Local meson operators and three box sources are used in obtaining clear statistics for the lowest lying and first excited charmonium states of $^1S_0$, $^3S_1$, $^1P_1$, $^3P_0$ and $^3P_1$. The continuum limit is discussed by extrapolating from quenched simulations at four lattice spacings in the range 0.1 - 0.3 fm. Results are compared with the observed values in nature and other lattice approaches. Finite volume effects and dispersion relations are checked.Comment: 36 pages, 6 figur