A Note on the Synthesis of 1-Naphthyl-14 C-Isocyanate and Ethyl B-[3-(1\u27 -naphthyl)-ureido-2-14CJ Butyrate

The most converuiem way ,of oib.tailni.ing the 1tJitle ureidoester1 (II) semed to be the action of 1-naphthyl- 14 C -isocyanate (I) on ethyl ~-aminobutyrate. A searchof the literature revealed that the preparation of 1- or 2-naphthyl- 14C-isocyanate was not described. As 1-naphthoic- 14 C-acid was synthesized2 in a good yield by one step reaction from Ba 14C03 and 1-bromonaphthalene, we investigated the optimal conditions under which I could be obtained from this acid. In inactive runs 1-naphthoyl chloride was treated with sodium azide by the wet and the dry method3 respectively

Comment on "ferroelectricity-free lead halide perovskites" by A. Gomez, Q. Wang, A. R. Goni, M. Campoy-Quiles and A. Abate, Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 2537

This article comments on the recent publication ‘‘Ferroelectricity-free lead halide perovskites’’ by Gomez´et al. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ee00884e], in which the authors conclude that both methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI$_{3}$) and the more advanced Cs$_{0.05}$(FA$_{0.83}$MA$_{0.17}$)$_{0.95}$Pb(I$_{0.83}$Br$_{0.17}$)$_{3}$ form non-ferroelectric thin-films. This conclusion is based on measuring the vertical piezoelectric effect by ‘‘direct piezoelectric force microscopy’’ (DPFM) and not seeing any domain patterns or other ferroelectric responses. The authors calibrated their measurement using a bulk reference sample of periodically poled lithium niobate with vertical polarization, which has all-different properties from MAPbI$_{3}$ or Cs$_{0.05}$(FA$_{0.83}$MA$_{0.17}$)$_{0.95}$Pb(I$_{0.83}$Br$_{0.17}$)$_{3}$ thin-films. In earlier works, it was pointed out that the polarization in large MAPbI$_{3}$ grains is vastly oriented in-plane and hence could remain invisible to any probing techniques with vertical sensitivity. In addition, the low spatial resolution of their measurements, the strong measurement noise, potential adventitious water contamination and the use of improper cantilever loads reduces the sensitivity of the measurement setup. This is why the conclusion on MAPbI$_{3}$ being non-ferroelectric is not supported by the measurement data

Aminoacetals. Syntheses of N,N-Disubstituted 4-Amino-2- butynal- and 4-Aminobutanal- acetals

The synthesis of N,N-disubstituted 4-aminobutanal acetals (XV - XXII) was effected by the hydrogenation of the corresponding acetylenic analogues. N,N-Disubstituted 4-amino-2- -butynal acetals (IV-XII) were prepared by the Mannich condensation of propargylaldehyde acetal, formaldehyde and the corresponding secondary amine. As an alternative route to N,N- disubstituted acetylenic aminoacetals, Bodroux-Tschitschibabin acetal synthesis was also applied in the preparation of 4-dibenzylamino- 2-butynal ac et al (VII)

Higher-order thoughts in action : Consciousness as an unconscious re-description process

Peer reviewedPostprin

Sulfur chemistry in a borosilicate melt Part 2. Kinetic properties

The diffusion of gaseous sulfur compounds under both oxidizing and reducing conditions has been determined in an alkali borosilicate melt representative of compositions under consideration for nuclear waste immobilization. The diffusion coefficients D of these sulfur gases as a function of melt temperature Τ (in K) can be expressed as: log D = -3.08 - (3300/T) regardless of whether the sulfur is being incorporated as the sulfate ion in oxidized melts or as the sulfide ion in reduced melts. The rate-determining step for the diffusion is probably the diffusion of SO2 gas into the melt. Even though sulfate and sulfide ions are the two equilibrium redox states of sulfur in this melt, transient sulfur species of intermediate redox state can be produced in the melts by placing an initially oxidized melt in a reduced sulfur atmosphere. Metastable polysulfide ions of the general formula Sx 2- and Sy - are formed which slowly decay to the more stable sulfide ions under these conditions

Novel Schizophrenia Risk Gene TCF4 Influences Verbal Learning and Memory Functioning in Schizophrenia Patients

Background: Recently, a role of the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene in schizophrenia has been reported in a large genome-wide association study. It has been hypothesized that TCF4 affects normal brain development and TCF4 has been related to different forms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Schizophrenia patients exhibit strong impairments of verbal declarative memory (VDM) functions. Thus, we hypothesized that the disease-associated C allele of the rs9960767 polymorphism of the TCF4 gene led to impaired VDM functioning in schizophrenia patients. Method: The TCF4 variant was genotyped in 401 schizophrenia patients. VDM functioning was measured using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Results: Carriers of the C allele were less impaired in recognition compared to those carrying the AA genotype (13.76 vs. 13.06; p = 0.049). Moreover, a trend toward higher scores in patients with the risk allele was found for delayed recall (10.24 vs. 9.41; p = 0.088). The TCF4 genotype did not influence intelligence or RAVLT immediate recall or total verbal learning. Conclusion: VDM function is influenced by the TCF4 gene in schizophrenia patients. However, the elevated risk for schizophrenia is not conferred by TCF4-mediated VDM impairment. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base