16,244 research outputs found
Florida Public Employees: Is the Solution to the Free Rider Problem Worse than the Problem Itself?
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A HEV-restricted sulfotransferase is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and is induced by lymphotoxin-alpha/beta and TNF-alpha in cultured endothelial cells.
BackgroundThe recruitment of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs relies on interactions of circulating cells with high endothelial venules (HEV). HEV are exclusive to these organs under physiological conditions, but they can develop in chronically-inflamed tissues. The interaction of L-selectin on lymphocytes with sulfated glycoprotein ligands on HEV results in lymphocyte rolling, which represents the initial step in lymphocyte homing. HEV expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 (also known as HEC-GlcNAc6ST, GST-3, LSST or CHST4), an HEV-restricted sulfotransferase, is essential for the elaboration of L-selectin functional ligands as well as a critical epitope recognized by MECA-79 mAb.ResultsWe examined the expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 in relationship to the MECA-79 epitope in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial vessels. Expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 was specific to RA synovial tissues as compared to osteoarthritis synovial tissues and localized to endothelial cells of HEV-like vessels and small flat-walled vessels. Double MECA-79 and GlcNAc6ST-2 staining showed colocalization of the MECA-79 epitope and GlcNAc6ST-2. We further found that both TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin-alphabeta induced GlcNAc6ST-2 mRNA and protein in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.ConclusionThese observations demonstrate that GlcNAc6ST-2 is induced in RA vessels and provide potential cytokine pathways for its induction. GlcNAc6ST-2 is a novel marker of activated vessels within RA ectopic lymphoid aggregates. This enzyme represents a potential therapeutic target for RA
Effect of venting range hood flow rate on size-resolved ultrafine particle concentrations from gas stove cooking
Cooking is the main source of ultrafine particles (UFP) in homes. This study investigated the effect of venting range hood flow rate on size-resolved UFP concentrations from gas stove cooking. The same cooking protocol was conducted 60 times using three venting range hoods operated at six flow rates in twin research houses. Size-resolved particle (10–420 nm) concentrations were monitored using a NanoScan scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) from 15 min before cooking to 3 h after the cooking had stopped. Cooking increased the background total UFP number concentrations to 1.3 × 103 particles/cm3 on average, with a mean exposure-relevant source strength of 1.8 × 1012 particles/min. Total particle peak reductions ranged from 25% at the lowest fan flow rate of 36 L/s to 98% at the highest rate of 146 L/s. During the operation of a venting range hood, particle removal by deposition was less significant compared to the increasing air exchange rate driven by exhaust ventilation. Exposure to total particles due to cooking varied from 0.9 to 5.8 × 104 particles/cm3·h, 3 h after cooking ended. Compared to the 36 L/s range hood, higher flow rates of 120 and 146 L/s reduced the first-hour post-cooking exposure by 76% and 85%, respectively. © 2018 Crown Copyright. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
How can a 22-pole ion trap exhibit 10 local minima in the effective potential?
The column density distribution of trapped OH ions in a 22-pole ion trap
is measured for different trap parameters. The density is obtained from
position-dependent photodetachment rate measurements. Overall, agreement is
found with the effective potential of an ideal 22-pole. However, in addition we
observe 10 distinct minima in the trapping potential, which indicate a breaking
of the 22-fold symmetry. Numerical simulations show that a displacement of a
subset of the radiofrequency electrodes can serve as an explanation for this
symmetry breaking
Searching for new physics in decays
For any new physics possibly emerging in the future B experiments, the
problem is how to extract the signals from the SM background. We consider the
decay which is very small in the SM. In the MSSM this decay is
possibly accessible in the future experiments. In the supersymmetric models
with R-parity violating couplings, this channel is not strictly constrained,
thus being useful in obtaining bounds on the lepton-number violating couplings.
A typical candidate for the suggested search is the mode.Comment: 9 pages, one figure, late
Magnetic friction due to vortex fluctuation
We use Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation to study a magnetic
tip-sample interaction. Our interest is to understand the mechanism of heat
dissipation when the forces involved in the system are magnetic in essence. We
consider a magnetic crystalline substrate composed of several layers
interacting magnetically with a tip. The set is put thermally in equilibrium at
temperature T by using a numerical Monte Carlo technique. By using that
configuration we study its dynamical evolution by integrating numerically the
equations of motion. Our results suggests that the heat dissipation in this
system is closed related to the appearing of vortices in the sample.Comment: 6 pages, 41 figure
Progress on the Low-Latency Inspiral Gravitational Wave Detection algorithm known as SPIIR
Low-latency event triggers to signify the presence of gravitational waves from coalescing binaries will be required to make prompt electromagnetic follow-up observations of electromagnetic counterparts. We present the recent progress made on implementing the time-domain low-latency detection algorithm known as summed parallel infinite impulse response (SPIIR) filtering into a real gravitational wave search pipeline
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