732 research outputs found
Counter Chemotactic Flow in Quasi-One-Dimensional Path
Quasi-one-dimensional bidirectional particle flow including the effect of
chemotaxis is investigated through a modification of the
John-Schadschneider-Chowdhury-Nishinari model. Specifically, we permit multiple
lanes to be shared by both directionally traveling particles. The relation
between particle density and flux is studied for several evaporation rates of
pheromone, and the following results are obtained: i) in the
low-particle-density range, the flux is enlarged by pheromone if the pheromone
evaporation rate is sufficiently low, ii) in the high particle-density range,
the flux is largest at a reasonably high evaporation rate and, iii) if the
evaporation rate is at the level intermediate between the above two cases, the
flux is kept small in the entire range of particle densities. The mechanism of
these behaviors is investigated by observing the spatial-temporal evolution of
particles and the average cluster size in the system.Comment: 4 pages, 9 figure
Evolution of Spatially Inhomogeneous Eco-Systems: An Unified Model Based Approach
Recently we have extended our the "unified" model of evolutionary ecology to
incorporate the {\it spatial inhomogeneities} of the eco-system and the {\it
migration} of individual organisms from one patch to another within the same
eco-system. In this paper an extension of our recent model is investigated so
as to describe the {\it migration} and {\it speciation} in a more realistic
way.Comment: Latex, 10 pages, 8 figure
Tre1 GPCR initiates germ cell transepithelial migration by regulating Drosophila melanogaster E-cadherin
Despite significant progress in identifying the guidance pathways that control cell migration, how a cell starts to move within an intact organism, acquires motility, and loses contact with its neighbors is poorly understood. We show that activation of the G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) trapped in endoderm 1 (Tre1) directs the redistribution of the G protein Gβ as well as adherens junction proteins and Rho guanosine triphosphatase from the cell periphery to the lagging tail of germ cells at the onset of Drosophila melanogaster germ cell migration. Subsequently, Tre1 activity triggers germ cell dispersal and orients them toward the midgut for directed transepithelial migration. A transition toward invasive migration is also a prerequisite for metastasis formation, which often correlates with down-regulation of adhesion proteins. We show that uniform down-regulation of E-cadherin causes germ cell dispersal but is not sufficient for transepithelial migration in the absence of Tre1. Our findings therefore suggest a new mechanism for GPCR function that links cell polarity, modulation of cell adhesion, and invasion
Washing studies with a limestone sample for reduction of insolubles: a case study
The paper deals with the washing studies conducted with a limestone sample received from Rourkela Steel Plant with a view to reduce the insolubles. The sample analysed 14.88% insolubles and it was required to reduce the same to below 12% level. As the sample contained some amount of clay both in the fines and coating the lumps, it was decided to conduct washing after crushing the sample to the desired size. Bench scale washing studies indicated that, bulk of the clayey matter could be removed. As the insolubles content of the coarser lumps was quite low, pilot plant scale washing studies were conducted both with -50 mm and -25 mm material separately. Results indicated that in both the cases, the insolubles could be reduced to below 12% level with a marginal loss of CaO values
Competition of coarsening and shredding of clusters in a driven diffusive lattice gas
We investigate a driven diffusive lattice gas model with two oppositely
moving species of particles. The model is motivated by bi-directional traffic
of ants on a pre-existing trail. A third species, corresponding to pheromones
used by the ants for communication, is not conserved and mediates interactions
between the particles. Here we study the spatio-temporal organization of the
particles. In the uni-directional variant of this model it is known to be
determined by the formation and coarsening of ``loose clusters''. For our
bi-directional model, we show that the interaction of oppositely moving
clusters is essential. In the late stages of evolution the cluster size
oscillates because of a competition between their `shredding' during encounters
with oppositely moving counterparts and subsequent "coarsening" during
collision-free evolution. We also establish a nontrivial dependence of the
spatio-temporal organization on the system size
Transcriptional regulation of Drosophila gonad formation
The formation of the Drosophila embryonic gonad, involving the fusion of clusters of somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs) and their ensheathment of germ cells, provides a simple and genetically tractable model for the interplay between cells during organ formation. In a screen for mutants affecting gonad formation we identified a SGP cell autonomous role for Midline (Mid) and Longitudinals lacking (Lola). These transcriptional factors are required for multiple aspects of SGP behaviour including SGP cluster fusion, germ cell ensheathment and gonad compaction.
The lola locus encodes more than 25 differentially spliced isoforms and we have identified an isoform specific requirement for lola in the gonad which is distinct from that in nervous system development. Mid and Lola work in parallel in gonad formation and surprisingly Mid overexpression in a lola background leads to additional SGPs at the expense of fat body cells. Our findings support the idea that although the transcription factors required by SGPs can ostensibly be assigned to those being required for either SGP specification or behaviour, they can also interact to impinge on both processes
Dental Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude among the Medical Practitioners in Pokhara, Nepal
Introduction: Oral health is a window to our overall health. Negligence to oral health might have adverse effects on the general well being of a person. Hence, early detection and prompt treatment is of utmost importance. Lack of general medical practitioner’s knowledge of oral disease has been shown to contribute to delays in referral and treatment, thus significantly affecting the associated morbidity and mortality.
Methods: The present study was undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude and dental awareness among medical practitioners in Pokhara, Nepal. A list of medical practitioners was obtained from the NMA (Nepal Medical Association, Gandaki branch, Nepal) and sample size of 109 study subjects was calculated. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical practitioners. from March 2018 to April 2018. The data pertaining to their knowledge, attitude and awareness about oral health was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Results of the study showed that the medical practitioners had moderate to good knowledge about dentistry as 97.2% of the medical practitioners answered correctly saying that brushing tooth daily prevents tooth decay and periodontal disease Whereas, when asked about the changes in the oral cavity which most commonly is associated with progression towards oral cancer, only 46.8% answered correctly by responding to non-healing ulcer/ erosive lesions.
Conclusions: It is imperative that the dental/medical practitioners have good knowledge about the oral diseases and its systemic manifestations, so as to have timely referral and early treatment to prevent the associated morbidity and mortality
Exploring Ancient Pashupati: Preliminary Results of Archaeological Surveys and Excavations at Bhandarkhal, Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Property (Nepal)
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