You are What You Wear: Unless You Moved—Effects of Attire and Posture on Person Perception

While first impressions are often based on appearance cues, little is known about how these interact with information from other channels. The present research aimed to investigate the impact of occupational stereotypes, evoked by attire, as well as posture on person perception. For this, computer animation was used to create avatars with different types of attire (nurse, military, casual) and posture (open, closed). In Study 1 (N = 164), participants attributed significantly more empathy to avatars wearing a nurse versus a military uniform or casual outfit. When adding posture as an additional cue, Study 2 (N = 312) showed that ratings of empathy and dominance were affected by both attire and posture. This effect was replicated in Study 3 (N = 163) for female avatars, in the sense that open postures in nurses increased empathy ratings and decreased dominance ratings, which both in turn led to greater perceived competence. By contrast, for male avatars, posture did not affect attributions of competence directly. Rather, attire predicted perceived dominance directly, as well as through perceived empathy. The present findings suggest that both posture, and occupational information evoked by attire, are used to infer personal characteristics. However, the strength of each cue may vary with the gender of the target

Measures and metrics for automatic emotion classification via FACET

For dynamic emotions to be modelled in a natural and convincing way, systems must rely on accurate affective analysis of facial expressions in the first place. The present work introduces two measures for evaluating automatic emotion classification performance. It further provides a systematic comparison between 14 databases of dynamic expressions. Machine analysis was conducted using the FACET system, with an algorithm calculating recognition sensitivity and confidence. Results revealed the proportion of facial stimuli that could be recognised by the machine algorithm above threshold evidence, showing significant differences in recognition performance between the databases

Die Bedeutung von Open Innovation in Innovationsnetzwerken : Einblicke in die Automobilindustrie

Die Entwicklung von Innovation wird vermehrt als ein dynamisches Zusammenspiel unterschiedlichster Akteure angesehen. Steigende Wettbewerbsanforderungen sowie die Gefahr von hohen Flopraten haben in vielen Unternehmen dazu geführt, dass die Anforderungen und Bedürfnisse aktueller und potentieller Kunden detailliert in Form der Kundenintegration analysiert werden. Durch die Einbindung von Kunden in die Innovationsentwicklung wird es Unternehmen möglich, genaue Erkenntnisse über den Kunden zu gewinnen bzw. von dessen Know-how zu rofitieren. Die Tätigkeit von Unternehmen innerhalb von Netzwerken, insbesondere Innovationsnetzwerken, wird in Zukunft einen größeren Einfluss auf die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen nehmen. Aufgrund dieser Bedeutung der beiden Themenfelder Kundenintegration und Innovationsnetzwerke für die Innovationsentwicklung, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit eine Integration von Kunden in Innovationsnetzwerke im Verlauf des 21. Jahrhunderts stattfinden wird. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher anhand einer Literaturanalyse der Forschungsstand der beiden Themenfelder in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur dargestellt. Dies geschieht separat, da bisher diese beiden Forschungsbereiche noch nicht gemeinsam untersucht wurden. Es zeigt sich, dass für die erfolgreiche Tätigkeit innerhalb eines Innovationsnetzwerkes, ein Unternehmen eine Unternehmenskultur der Open Innovation entwickelt. In Bezug auf die Kundenintegration in die Innovationsentwicklung kann sowohl der Zeitpunkt der Einbindung des Kunden, die Intensität dieser Einbindung sowie gewisse Kundenmerkmale als besonders erfolgsrelevant identifiziert werden. Anhand einer qualitativen Studie wird die Bedeutung der identifizierten erfolgsrelevanten Dimensionen der Kundenintegration innerhalb von Innovationsnetzwerken aus Unternehmenssicht betrachtet. Hierzu wurden Experten mit Hilfe von direkten Interviews befragt, um in erster Linie qualitative Informationen zum Untersuchungsgegenstand zu erhalten. Ein Vergleich zwischen dem Status Quo der Kundenintegration und der künftigen Kundenintegration innerhalb von Innovationsnetzwerken deckt dabei Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Aufgrund dieser Erkenntnisse werden abschließend Implikationen für die Unternehmenspraxis abgeleitet

Boundary Effects on the Determination of Metamaterial Parameters from Normal Incidence Reflection and Transmission Measurements

A method is described for the determination of the effective electromagnetic parameters of a metamaterial based only on external measurements or simulations, taking boundary effects at the interfaces between a conventional material and metamaterial into account. Plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients at the interfaces are regarded as additional unknowns to be determined, rather than explicitly dependent on the material parameters. Our technique is thus analogous to the line-reflect-line (LRL) calibration method in microwave measurements. The refractive index can be determined from S-parameters for two samples of different thickness. The effective wave impedance requires the additional assumption that generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) account for the boundary effects. Expressions for the bulk permittivity and permeability then follow easily. Our method is validated by comparison with the results using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) for determining properties of an ordinary material measured in a coaxial line. Utilizing S-parameters obtained from 3-D full wave simulations, we test the method on magnetodielectric metamaterials. We compare the results from our method and the conventional one that does not consider boundary effects. Moreover, it is shown that results from our method are consistent under changes in reference plane location, whereas the results from other methods are not.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagatio

Virtual Clay Modeling using Adaptive Distance Fields

This paper describes an approach for the parametrization and modeling of objects represented by adaptive distance fields (ADFs). ADFs support the construction of powerful solid modeling tools. They can represent surfaces of arbitrary and even changing topology, while providing a more intuitive user interface than control-point based structures such as B-splines. Using the octree structure, an adaptively refined quadrilateral mesh is constructed that is topologically equivalent to the surface. The mesh is then projected onto the surface using multiple projection and smoothing steps. The resulting mesh serves as the ``interface'' for interactive modeling operations and high-quality rendering

Primeiro registro de melanismo no criticamente ameaçado gato-pampeano (Leopardus munoai), uma espécie endêmica das áreas abertas do Pampa

We report the first record of a melanistic individual of the critically endangered Pampa cat (Leopardus munoai), from July 8th, 2021, at 10:45 am (coordinates 30.096288° S; 54.941139° W) in the area of the Brazilian army, known as Campo de Instrução Barão de São Borja (CIBSB), popularly known as Saicã.Este trabalho reporta o primeiro registro de melanismo do criticamente ameaçado de extinção gato-pampeano (Leopardus munoai), realizado em 8 de julho de 2021, às 10:45 da manhã. O registro foi obtido nas coordenadas 30.096288° S; 54.941139° W na área do exército brasileiro Campo de Instrução Barão de São Borja (CIBSB), popularmente conhecida como Saicã

Turbulence in a transient channel flow with a wall of pyramid roughness

A direct numerical simulation investigation of a transient flow in a channel with a smooth top wall and a roughened bottom wall made of close-packed pyramids is presented. An initially stationary turbulent flow is accelerated rapidly to a new flow rate and the transient flow behaviour after the acceleration is studied. The equivalent roughness heights of the initial and final flows are $k_{s}^{+}=14.5$k+s=14.5 and 41.5, respectively. Immediately after the acceleration ends, the induced change behaves in a ‘plug-flow’ manner. Above the roughness crests, the additional velocity due to the perturbation flow is uniform; below the crest, it reduces approximately linearly to zero at the bottom of the roughness elements. The interaction of the perturbation flow with the rough wall is characterised by a series of events that resemble those observed in roughness-induced laminar–turbulent transitions. The process has two broad stages. In the first of these, large-scale vortices, comparable in extent to the roughness wavelength, develop around each roughness element and high-speed streaks form along the ridge lines of the elements. After a short time, each vortex splits into two, namely (i) a standing vortex in front of the element and (ii) a counter-rotating hairpin vortex behind it. The former is largely inactive, but the latter advects downstream with increasing strength, and later lifts away from the wall. These hairpin vortices wrap around strong low-speed streaks. The second stage of the overall process is the breakdown of the hairpin vortices into many smaller multi-scale vortices distributed randomly in space, leading eventually to a state of conventional turbulence. Shortly after the beginning of the first stage, the three components of the r.m.s of the velocity fluctuation all increase significantly in the near-wall region as a result of the vortical structures, and their spectra bear strong signatures of the surface topology. During the second stage, the overall turbulence energy in this region varies only slightly, but the spectrum evolves significantly, eventually approaching that of conventional turbulence. The direct effect of roughness on the flow is confined to a region up to approximately three element heights above the roughness crests. Turbulence in the core region does not begin to increase until after the transition near the wall is largely complete. The processes of transition over the smooth and rough walls of the channel are practically independent of each other. The flow over the smooth wall follows a laminar–turbulent transition and, as known from previous work, resembles a free-stream turbulence-induced boundary layer bypass transition