Loss of strength in Ni3Al at elevated temperatures

Stress decrease above the stress peak temperature (750 K) is studied in h123i single crystals of Ni3(Al, 3 at.% Hf ). Two thermally activated deformation mechanisms are evidenced on the basis of stress relaxation and strain rate change experiments. From 500 to 1070 K, the continuity of the activation volume/temperature curves reveals a single mechanism of activation enthalpy 3.8 eV/atom and volume 90 b3 at 810K with an athermal stress of 330 MPa. Over the very same temperature interval, impurity or solute diffusion towards dislocation cores is evidenced through serrated yielding, peculiar shapes of stress–strain curves while changing the rate of straining and stress relaxation experiments. This complicates the identification of the deformation mechanism, which is likely connected with cube glide. From 1070 to 1270 K, the high-temperature mechanism has an activation enthalpy and volume of 4.8 eV/atom and 20 b3, respectively, at 1250 K

Emotions in business-to-business service relationships

Emotion in business-to-business service relationships regarding cargo services is explored. The service relationship is characterised by mutual trust and cooperation. Contact is mainly via telephone or e-mail with some face-to-face interactions and participants providing a complex, multi-skilled seamless service. Experience rather than training plays a vital role with long-term service relationships built up and maintained. Emotional sensitivity is acquired partly by experience and a repeat customer base but mainly through a genuine desire to help and get to know others. In contrast to the view of emotional labour bringing managerial control or adverse affects to service staff, the emotion engendered by this work is authentic expression bringing personal satisfaction

Can empathy lead to emotional exhaustion in teachers? The mediating role of emotional labor

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the links between empathy, emotional labor (both surface and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion as well as determine if emotional labor mediates the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers. It was assumed that emotional labor can take two opposite directions (positive mood induction and negative mood induction). Thus, the additional aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of mood regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 168 teachers from Łódź and its surroundings completed a set of questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale; Mood Regulation Scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Empathic Sensitivity Scale. Results: The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses indicating that both types of emotional labor, negative mood induction and emotional exhaustion were positively intercorrelated. Moreover, deep acting was a significant mediator in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. The analyzed link was also mediated by negative mood induction, whereas positive mood induction did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the role of empathy and emotional labor in the development of teacher burnout. It also confirmed that deep acting and negative mood induction mediate the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers

Experimental and numerical study of the evolution of stored and dissipated energies in a medium carbon steel under cyclic loading

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167663613000288To obtain robust estimations of the fatigue limit from energy-based fatigue criteria, constitutive laws must include a correct description of the energy balance when modeling the cyclic behavior. The present paper aims at providing a better understanding of the evolution of the energy balance at both microscopic and macroscopic scales in a medium carbon steel. First, an experimental procedure is used to estimate the amount of energy which is either stored in the material or dissipated into heat at a macroscopic scale. The energy balance is observed to be very dependent on the stress amplitude and the number of loading cycles. A model is then developed to investigate the energy balance at a microscopic scale. From the simulation results, both the stored energy and dissipated energy fields are found to be strongly scattered. The dispersion is mostly explained by the crystallographic orientation distribution and the two-phased microstructure

Developing the Emotionally Intelligent Leader: Instructional Issues

This study generates evidence that participants who completed a specific leadership development curriculum increased their emotional intelligence (EI). This study also fills a gap in the literature by providing evidence that (a) there are no differences in the effectiveness between a face-to-face and hybrid (online and face-to-face) curriculum, or (b) between a 7-week and 16-week curriculum, and that (c) participants with initial low or average EI experience improvements in their EI, whereas those with initial high EI do not. </jats:p

Stability of austenitic 316L steel against martensite formation during cyclic straining

AbstractSolution-annealed AISI 316L steel was fatigued with constant plastic strain amplitudes at room temperature and under various conditions at depressed temperatures down to 113K to reveal its stability against deformation-induced martensite formation. Microstructural changes induced by fatigue were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Neutron diffraction and magnetic induction method were adopted for quantification of martensite content. Deformation-induced martensite formation in the bulk of material was evidenced for low temperature cyclic straining under various conditions. Room temperature cycling, even with high plastic strain amplitudes, results in a local very limited martensite formation in areas closely linked with the long fatigue crack growth