Uniqueness Of Larval Releasing Of Littoraria Scabra L. (Gastropoda: Littorinidae), In Tombariri Mangrove, North Sulawesi,Indonesia

Penelitian yang amat langka di alam ini menemukan kebaharuan keunikan strategi reproduksi Littoraria. scabra, di waktu kopulasi jantan berperan seks terbalik menyedot sebagian telur yang dibuahi dan dierami telur-telur yang dibuahi dalam tubuhnya sampai menetas menjadi larva-larva serta melepaskan larva-larva tersebut di bulan penuh dan baru yang mengikuti siklus pasang selama penelitian. Temuan amat langka kedua keunikan strategi reproduksi L. scabra, yang amat langka di alam dengan pasangan jantan-betina lagi kawin melepaskan larva-larva baik jantan maupun betina pada siklus bi-lunar bersamaan dengan siklus pasang selama penelitian

Uniqueness Of Larval Releasing Of Littoraria Scabra L. (Gastropoda: Littorinidae), In Tombariri Mangrove, North Sulawesi,Indonesia

This research was found the novelty of reproduction strategy uniqueness of  L. scabra that very rare in nature, reverse male function fertilized eggs are sucked for brooding in the mantle of male up to hatching as veligers, and thus, the males are capable of releasing the larvae in the full and new moon at spring tide during the research. The second finding in the reproduction strategy uniqueness of  L. scabra that mating individuals, both males, and females, released their larvae during the research period. Key Words: Littoraria scabra;  uniqueness, releasing; veliger; male and female ABSTRAKPenelitian yang amat langka di alam ini menemukan kebaharuan keunikan strategi reproduksi Littoraria. scabra, di waktu kopulasi jantan berperan seks terbalik menyedot sebagian  telur yang dibuahi dan dierami telur-telur yang dibuahi dalam tubuhnya sampai menetas menjadi larva-larva serta melepaskan larva-larva tersebut di bulan penuh dan  baru yang mengikuti siklus pasang selama penelitian. Temuan amat langka kedua keunikan strategi reproduksi L. scabra, yang amat langka di alam dengan pasangan jantan-betina lagi kawin melepaskan larva-larva baik jantan maupun betina pada siklus bi-lunar bersamaan dengan siklus pasang selama penelitian. Kata Kunci : Littoraria scabra; keunikan,pelepasan; veliger; jantan dan betin

Spectrum of injuries associated with paediatric ACL tears: an MRI pictorial review

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are well known, but most published reviews show obvious examples of associated injuries and give little focus to paediatric patients. Here, we demonstrate the spectrum of MRI appearances at common sites of associated injury in adolescents with ACL tears, emphasising age-specific issues. METHODS: Pictorial review using images from children with surgically confirmed ACL tears after athletic injury. RESULTS: ACL injury usually occurs with axial rotation in the valgus near full extension. The MRI findings can be obvious and important to management (ACL rupture), subtle but clinically important (lateral meniscus posterior attachment avulsion), obvious and unimportant to management (femoral condyle impaction injury), or subtle and possibly important (medial meniscocapsular junction tear). Paediatric-specific issues of note include tibial spine avulsion, normal difficulty visualising a thin ACL and posterolateral corner structures, and differentiation between incompletely closed physis and impaction fracture. CONCLUSION: ACL tear is only the most obvious sign of a complex injury involving multiple structures. Awareness of the spectrum of secondary findings illustrated here and the features distinguishing them from normal variation can aid in accurate assessment of ACL tears and related injuries, enabling effective treatment planning and assessment of prognosis. TEACHING POINTS: • The ACL in children normally appears thin or attenuated, while thickening and oedema suggest tear. • Displaced medial meniscal tears are significantly more common later post-injury than immediately. • The meniscofemoral ligaments merge with the posterior lateral meniscus, complicating tear assessment. • Tibial plateau impaction fractures can be difficult to distinguish from a partially closed physis. • Axial MR sequences are more sensitive/specific than coronal for diagnosis of medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury

Nuclear targeting of the serine protease granzyme A (fragmentin-1)

Cytolytic granule-mediated target cell killing is effected in part through synergistic action of the membrane-acting protein perforin and serine proteases such as granzymes A (GrA) or B (GrB). In the present study we examine GrA cellular entry and nuclear uptake in intact mouse myeloid FDC-P1 cells exposed to perforin using confocal laser scanning microscopy, as well as reconstitute GrA nuclear uptake in vitro. GrA alone was found to be able to enter the cytoplasm of intact cells but did not accumulate in nuclei. In the presence of perforin, it specifically accumulated in the cell nuclei, with maximal levels about 2.5 times those in the cytoplasm after 2. 5 hours. In vitro, GrA accumulated in the nucleus and nucleolus maximally to levels that were four- and sixfold, respectively, those in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the active form of the apoptotic cysteine protease CPP32 did not accumulate in nuclei in vitro. Nuclear/nucleolar import of GrA in vitro was independent of ATP and not inhibitable by the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog GTPgammaS, but was dependent on exogenously added cytosol. Importantly, GrA was found to be able to accumulate in the nucleus of semi-intact cells in the presence of the nuclear envelope-permeabilizing detergent CHAPS, implying that the mechanism of nuclear accumulation was through binding to insoluble factors in the nucleus. GrB was found for the first time to be similar in this regard. The results support the contention that GrA and GrB accumulate in the nucleus through a novel nuclear import pathway, and that this is integral to induction of the nuclear changes associated with cytolytic granule-mediated apoptosis.David A. Jans, Lyndall J. Briggs, Patricia Jans, Christopher J. Froelich, Gayathri Parasivam, Sharad Kumar, Vivien R. Sutton and Joseph A. Trapan

The Ecological Adaptive Significance of Littoraria Scabra for Their Survivorship in Extreme Mangrove Environment of Tombariri

Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa signifikansi ekologi Littoraria scabra untuk survival di mikrohabitat mangrove Tombariri yang ekstrim adalah sebagai berikut berfungsi sebagai tempat istirahat, menghindari perendaman air, mencari makanan, meletakkan larva, menghindar cahaya dan bersembunyi dari predator-predator. Signifikansi L. scabra distribusi spasial mengelompok untuk mereduksi stres kekeringan, suhu, terlepas di substrat akibat gelombang, aktivitas makan, reproduksi, kecocokan habitat. Signifikansi distibusi mengelompok dengan populasi tinggi untuk mengimbangi kuatnya predasi serta merespons tekanan seleksi alam yang kuat demi kelangsungan hidupnya

Advances towards reliable identification and concentration determination of rare cells in peripheral blood

Through further development, integration and validation of micro-nano-bio and biophotonics systems FP7 CanDo is developing an instrument that will permit highly reproducible and reliable identification and concentration determination of rare cells in peripheral blood for two key societal challenges, early and low cost anti-cancer drug efficacy determination and cancer diagnosis/monitoring. A cellular link between the primary malignant tumour and the peripheral metastases, responsible for 90% of cancerrelated deaths, has been established in the form of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood. Furthermore, the relatively short survival time of CTCs in peripheral blood means that their detection is indicative of tumour progression thereby providing in addition to a prognostic value an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and early recognition of tumour progression in theranostics. In cancer patients however blood concentrations are very low (=1 CTC/1E9 cells) and current detection strategies are too insensitive, limiting use to prognosis of only those with advanced metastatic cancer. Similarly, problems occur in therapeutics with anti-cancer drug development leading to lengthy and costly trials often preventing access to market. The novel cell separation/Raman analysis technologies plus nucleic acid based molecular characterization of the CanDo platform will provide an accurate CTC count with high throughput and high yield meeting both key societal challenges. Being beyond the state of art it will lead to substantial share gains not just in the high end markets of drug discovery and cancer diagnostics but due to modular technologies also in others. Here we present preliminary DNA hybridization sensing results

The oxidation status of Mic19 regulates MICOS assembly.

The function of mitochondria depends on the proper organization of mitochondrial membranes. The morphology of the inner membrane is regulated by the recently identified mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. MICOS mutants exhibit alterations in crista formation, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms that underlie MICOS regulation remain poorly understood. MIC19, a peripheral protein of the inner membrane and component of the MICOS complex, was previously reported to be required for the proper function of MICOS in maintaining the architecture of the inner membrane. Here, we show that human and yeast MIC19 proteins undergo oxidation in mitochondria and require the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly (MIA) pathway, which couples the oxidation and import of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins for mitochondrial localization. Detailed analyses identified yeast Mic19 in two different redox forms. The form that contains an intramolecular disulfide bond is bound to Mic60 of the MICOS complex. Mic19 oxidation is not essential for its integration into the MICOS complex but plays a role in MICOS assembly and the maintenance of proper inner membrane morphology. These findings suggest that Mic19 is a redox-dependent regulator of MICOS function

Mitochondrial protein abundance gradients require the distribution of separated mitochondria

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that interchange their contents mediated by fission and fusion. However, it has previously been shown that the mitochondria of cultured human epithelial cells exhibit a gradient in the relative abundance of several proteins, with the perinuclear mitochondria generally exhibiting a higher protein abundance than the peripheral mitochondria. The molecular mechanisms that are required for the establishment and the maintenance of such inner-cellular mitochondrial protein abundance gradients are unknown. We verified the existence of inner-cellular gradients in the abundance of clusters of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Tom20 in the mitochondria of kidney epithelial cells from an African green monkey (Vero cells) using STED nanoscopy and confocal microscopy. We found that the Tom20 gradients are established immediately after cell division and require the presence of microtubules. Furthermore, the gradients are abrogated in hyperfused mitochondrial networks. Our results suggest that inner-cellular protein abundance gradients from the perinuclear to the peripheral mitochondria are established by the trafficking of individual mitochondria to their respective cellular destination

Acanthuridae in Bitunuris Waters Talaud Islands

 This study aims to determine the species of fish from the Acanthuridae family in Bitunuris Village, Salibabu Island, Talaud Islands Regency. Fish samples were caught using monofilament gill nets with a mesh size of 1.5 inches, net length of 15 m, and net height of 2 m. Sampling was carried out in April and May 2021. A total of 63 individuals were caught consisting of nine species. Acanthurus nigrofuscus 40 individuals, 10.0-17.0 cm in length and 18-77 g in weight. Acanthurus lineatus three individuals, 9.4-17.7 cm in length and 17-96 g in weight. Acanthurus triostegus is seven individuals, 9.3-12.4 cm in length, and weighs 21-55 g. Acanthurus nigricans two individuals each measuring 13.9-13.9 cm in length and weighing 67-70 g each. One individual Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus, a total length of 10.3 cm, and weight of 29 g. Naso lituratus four individuals, length 15.1-17.7 cm and weight ranging from 68-115 g. Naso brevirostris one individual measuring 23.0 cm in length and weighing 186 g. One individual Naso brachycentron, 24.5 cm in length and 172 g in weight. Zebrasoma scopas four individuals, 12.1-15.8 cm in length and weighing 54-105 g.Keywords: Species, gill nets.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies ikan Famili Acanthuridae di Desa Bitunuris Pulau Salibabu Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Sampel ikan ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang monofilamen dengan ukuran mata jaring 1,5 inci, panjang jaring 15 m, tinggi jaring 2 m. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada April dan  Mei 2021. Sebanyak 63 individu yang tertangkap terdiri atas sembilan spesies.  Acanthurus nigrofuscus 40 individu, panjang berkisaran 10,0-17,0 cm dan berat 18-77 g.  Acanthurus lineatus tiga individu, panjang berkisaran 9,4-17,7 cm berat berkisaran 17-96 g.  Acanthurus triostegus  tuju individu, panjang 9,3-12,4 cm dan berat berkisaran antara 21-55 g.  Acanthurus nigricans dua individu masing-masing ukuran panjang 13,9-13,9 cm berat masing-masing ukuran 67-70 g.  Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus satu individu, panjang total 10,3 cm dan  berat 29 g.  Naso lituratus empat individu, ukuran panjang 15,1-17,7 cm berat berkisaran 68-115 g.  Naso brevirostris satu individu ukuran panjang 23,0 cm memiliki berat 186 g.  Naso brachycentron satu individu,  panjang 24,5 cm dan berat 172 g.  Zebrasoma scopas empat individu,  panjang 12,1-15,8 cm dan  berat 54-105 g.Kata Kunci: Spesies, jaring insang