848 research outputs found
Способ совместного фотометрического определения хрома (VI) и железа (III) в природных и сточных водах
Metastasis-associated C4. 4A, A GPI-anchored protein cleaved by ADAM10 and ADAM17
Comunicaciones a congreso
Metastasis-associated C.,4A, A GPI-Anchored protein cleaved by Adam10 and Adam 17
Comunicaciones a congreso
Pathogen burden, inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis in human in-stent restenosis - Tissue characteristics compared to primary atherosclerosis
Pathogenic events leading to in-stent restenosis (ISR) are still incompletely understood. Among others, inflammation, immune reactions, deregulated cell death and growth have been suggested. Therefore, atherectomy probes from 21 patients with symptomatic ISR were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for pathogen burden and compared to primary target lesions from 20 stable angina patients. While cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori were not found in ISR, acute and/or persistent chlamydial infection were present in 6/21 of these lesions (29%). Expression of human heat shock protein 60 was found in 8/21 of probes (38%). Indicated by distinct signals of CD68, CD40 and CRP, inflammation was present in 5/21 (24%), 3/21 (14%) and 2/21 (10%) of ISR cases. Cell density of ISR was significantly higher than that of primary lesions ( 977 +/- 315 vs. 431 +/- 148 cells/mm(2); p < 0.001). There was no replicating cell as shown by Ki67 or PCNA. TUNEL+ cells indicating apoptosis were seen in 6/21 of ISR specimens (29%). Quantitative analysis revealed lower expression levels for each intimal determinant in ISR compared to primary atheroma (all p < 0.05). In summary, human ISR at the time of clinical presentation is characterized by low frequency of pathogen burden and inflammation, but pronounced hypercellularity, low apoptosis and absence of proliferation. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
Time-scarcity, ready-meals, ill-health and the obesity epidemic
In this 3-part paper, we firstly review the interaction of time-scarcity with food-choices, specifically ready-meals, and potential health consequences from their consumption. Secondly we review declared nutrients, in relation to the standard 30% of Guideline Daily Amounts, concluding that popular ready-meals from major UK supermarkets are currently nutritionally haphazard. Thirdly, we present a simple scheme to establish standards for nutritional composition of ready-meals: unless otherwise specified, any meal (the smallest unit of nutrition) as recommended to be eaten or as offered should provide 30%+10% of GDA for energy and pro rata for key nutrients (e.g. sodium, sat fat, vitamin C)
Mortality in Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Patients With a Diagnosis of AIDS in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Chronic hepatitis C increased mortality by approximately 50% in patients with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–defined AIDS, despite the competing mortality risks in these patients. About 20% of the deaths were liver-related, suggesting that greater hepatitis C virus awareness and treatment could increase survival
Rapid generation of chromosome-specific alphoid DNA probes using the polymerase chain reaction
Non-isotopic in situ hybridization of chromosome-specific alphoid DNA probes has become a potent tool in the study of numerical aberrations of specific human chromosomes at all stages of the cell cycle. In this paper, we describe approaches for the rapid generation of such probes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and demonstrate their chromosome specificity by fluorescence in situ hybridization to normal human metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei. Oligonucleotide primers for conserved regions of the alpha satellite monomer were used to generate chromosome-specific DNA probes from somatic hybrid cells containing various human chromosomes, and from DNA libraries from sorted human chromosomes. Oligonucleotide primers for chromosome-specific regions of the alpha satellite monomer were used to generate specific DNA probes for the pericentromeric heterochromatin of human chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 17 and X directly from human genomic DNA
impulsivity and the impact of contextual cues on instrumental behavior in alcohol dependence
Alcohol-related cues acquire incentive salience through Pavlovian conditioning
and then can markedly affect instrumental behavior of alcohol-dependent
patients to promote relapse. However, it is unclear whether similar effects
occur with alcohol-unrelated cues. We tested 116 early-abstinent alcohol-
dependent patients and 91 healthy controls who completed a delay discounting
task to assess choice impulsivity, and a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
(PIT) paradigm employing both alcohol-unrelated and alcohol-related stimuli.
To modify instrumental choice behavior, we tiled the background of the
computer screen either with conditioned stimuli (CS) previously generated by
pairing abstract pictures with pictures indicating monetary gains or losses,
or with pictures displaying alcohol or water beverages. CS paired to money
gains and losses affected instrumental choices differently. This PIT effect
was significantly more pronounced in patients compared to controls, and the
group difference was mainly driven by highly impulsive patients. The PIT
effect was particularly strong in trials in which the instrumental stimulus
required inhibition of instrumental response behavior and the background CS
was associated to monetary gains. Under that condition, patients performed
inappropriate approach behavior, contrary to their previously formed
behavioral intention. Surprisingly, the effect of alcohol and water pictures
as background stimuli resembled that of aversive and appetitive CS,
respectively. These findings suggest that positively valenced background CS
can provoke dysfunctional instrumental approach behavior in impulsive alcohol-
dependent patients. Consequently, in real life they might be easily seduced by
environmental cues to engage in actions thwarting their long-term goals. Such
behaviors may include, but are not limited to, approaching alcohol
A qualitative study of independent fast food vendors near secondary schools in disadvantaged Scottish neighbourhoods
Background:
Preventing and reducing childhood and adolescent obesity is a growing priority in many countries. Recent UK data suggest that children in more deprived areas have higher rates of obesity and poorer diet quality than those in less deprived areas. As adolescents spend a large proportion of time in school, interventions to improve the food environment in and around schools are being considered. Nutrient standards for school meals are mandatory in the UK, but many secondary pupils purchase foods outside schools at break or lunchtime that may not meet these standards.
Methods:
Qualitative interviews were conducted with fast food shop managers to explore barriers to offering healthier menu options. Recruitment targeted independently-owned shops near secondary schools (pupils aged c.12-17) in low-income areas of three Scottish cities. Ten interviews were completed, recorded, and transcribed for analysis. An inductive qualitative approach was used to analyse the data in NVivo 10.
Results:
Five themes emerged from the data: pride in what is sold; individual autonomy and responsibility; customer demand; profit margin; and neighbourhood context. Interviewees consistently expressed pride in the foods they sold, most of which were homemade. They felt that healthy eating and general wellbeing are the responsibility of the individual and that offering what customers want to eat, not necessarily what they should eat, was the only way to stay in business. Most vendors felt they were struggling to maintain a profit, and that many aspects of the low-income neighbourhood context would make change difficult or impossible.
Conclusions:
Independent food shops in low-income areas face barriers to offering healthy food choices, and interventions and policies that target the food environment around schools should take the neighbourhood context into consideration
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