Attitudes of Washington State Elementary and Secondary Teachers Toward School Psychologists

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes held by a group of Washington State elementary and secondary teachers toward school psychologists with whom they may have had contact in their teaching experience

Estimated dose exposure of the neonate to buprenorphine and its metabolite norbuprenorphine via breastmilk during maternal buprenorphine substitution treatment

Objective: The aim of the present study was to estimate the dose of buprenorphine and its primary metabolite norbuprenorphine that a breastfed infant would receive during maternal maintenance treatment with buprenorphine. Study Design: Seven pregnant opioid-dependent women taking buprenorphine (median, 7mg/day; range, 2.4–24 mg) and who intended to breastfeed were recruited. After lactation was established, several milk samples were collected from each subject over a 24-hour dose interval, and buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The average concentration (Cavg) across the dose interval was estimated as for both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine (as buprenorphine equivalents). Absolute infant dose (AID), defined as Cavg daily milk intake, and relative infant dose (RID), defined as 100 AID/weight-adjusted maternal daily dose, via milk were calculated, assuming a milk intake of 0.15 L/kg/day. The infant’s health and progress were assessed directly and by questionnaire on the study day. Results: Mean (95% confidence interval) norbuprenorphine concentration in milk and AID values (1.94 [0.79–3.08] μg/L and 0.29 [0.12–0.46] μg/kg/day, respectively) were approximately half those for buprenorphine (3.65[1.61–5.7] μg/L and 0.55 [0.24–0.85] μg/kg/day, respectively). Similarly, the mean RID values were 0.18% (0.11–0.25%) for norbuprenorphine and 0.38% (0.23–0.53%) for buprenorphine. The breastfed infants showed no adverse effects, were all in good health, and were progressing as expected. Conclusion: Thus the dose of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine received via milk is unlikely to cause any acute adverse effects in the breastfed infant

Train Positioning Using Video Odometry

Reliable Data Systems have developed a video-based odometry system that enables trains to measure velocities and distances travelled without the need for trackside infrastructure. The Study Group was asked to investigate ways of improving the accuracy of such a system, and to suggest any improvements that might be made. The work performed in the week followed along these strands: (a). Elimination of errors in video odometery induced by pitch and height; (b) Robust calculation of (i) the train velocity and (ii) the track curvature; (c). Accurate determination of the position of a train on a track by assimilating Curvature information; (d). Determining where on UK’s railway map a train journey takes place, based purely on video odometry and (e). Drawing a track map

Newly qualified physical education teachers’ experiences of developing subject knowledge prior to, during and after a Postgraduate Certificate in Education course

Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) inspections of secondary Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) physical education courses in England between 1996 and 1998 (OFSTED, 1999) were critical of student teachers' subject knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of subject knowledge and influences on the development of that subject knowledge in a sample of three newly qualified teachers (NQTs) who had completed a PGCE physical education course in England. The research comprised semi-structured interviews and analysis of documentation. Among these three NQTs there were some similarities, but more differences in terms of the development of subject knowledge as well as different influences on the development of subject knowledge. These results suggest that teacher educators may need to be flexible in how they approach and support the development of student teachers' subject knowledge. Results also suggest that teacher educators should work more closely with colleagues teaching sports-related undergraduate degree courses to support the development of subject knowledge for those students who wish to progress to a PGCE physical education course

Brewster-angle measurements of sea-surface reflectance using a high resolution spectroradiometer

This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a ship-borne spectroradiometer based on an imaging spectrograph and cooled CCD array with a wavelength range of 350-800 nm and 4 nm spectral sampling. The instrument had a minimum spectral acquisition time of 0.1 s, but in practice data were collected over periods of 10 s to allow averaging of wave effects. It was mounted on a ship's superstructure so that it viewed the sea surface from a height of several metres at the Brewster angle (53 degrees) through a linear polarizing filter. Comparison of sea-leaving spectra acquired with the polarizer oriented horizontally and vertically enabled estimation of the spectral composition of sky light reflected directly from the sea surface. A semi-empirical correction procedure was devised for retrieving water-leaving radiance spectra from these measurements while minimizing the influence of reflected sky light. Sea trials indicated that reflectance spectra obtained by this method were consistent with the results of radiance transfer modelling of case 2 waters with similar concentrations of chlorophyll and coloured dissolved organic matter. Surface reflectance signatures measured at three locations containing blooms of different phytoplankton species were easily discriminated and the instrument was sufficiently sensitive to detect solar-stimulated fluorescence from surface chlorophyll concentrations down to 1 mg m−3

Development of novel multiplex microsatellite polymerase chain reactions to enable high-throughput population genetic studies of Schistosoma haematobium

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