Zero sound in a single component fermion - Bose Einstein Condensate mixture

The resonant dynamics of mediated interactions supports zero-sound in a cold atom degenerate mixture of a single component fermion gas and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We characterize the onset of instability in the phase separation of an unstable mixture and we find a rich collective mode structure for stable mixtures with one undamped mode that exhibits an avoided crossing and a Landau-damped mode that terminates.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Current-induced spin polarization in InGaAs and GaAs epilayers with varying doping densities

The current-induced spin polarization and momentum-dependent spin-orbit field were measured in In$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$As epilayers with varying indium concentrations and silicon doping densities. Samples with higher indium concentrations and carrier concentrations and lower mobilities were found to have larger electrical spin generation efficiencies. Furthermore, current-induced spin polarization was detected in GaAs epilayers despite the absence of measurable spin-orbit fields, indicating that the extrinsic contributions to the spin polarization mechanism must be considered. Theoretical calculations based on a model that includes extrinsic contributions to the spin dephasing and the spin Hall effect, in addition to the intrinsic Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling, are found to qualitatively agree with the experimental results.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

An Analysis of Terrorist Attacks on Soft and Hard Targets in the Period 2000-2019

With the aim of characterising the evolution of the phenomenon of terrorist attacks in the 20 years since 9/11, this paper conducts a broad analysis of terrorist events from 2000 to 2019, based on information made available by the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The first part of the document illustrates the evolution of terrorist attacks worldwide, while the second part focuses on the type of targets favoured by terrorists. As a key result of the analysis, it will be shown that in recent years many attacks have been directed against simple public and private buildings, targeting and killing individuals, typically civilians. These types of targets have been referred to in the literature as soft targets, as opposed to the term hard targets or hardened structures, government, military, police and intelligence buildings and sites. In the work, specific definitions of soft target and hard target related to GTD information fields are proposed and evaluated over the period 2000-2019. Furthermore, detailed items of the terrorist targets, such as houses, schools, universities, restaurants, theatres etc., were considered and analysed. The evidence obtained provides an up-to-date view of terrorists' recent approaches to selecting targets and conducting attacks. The understanding of the evolution of these approaches can allow for better organisation of future prevention and protection of potential soft and hard targets

Measurements of vehicle pollutants in a high-traffic urban area by a multiwavelength dial approach: Correlation between two different motor vehicle pollutants

The development and improvement of monitoring techniques to measure the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere are a starting point to guarantee high levels of human health and environmental safety. The combination of lidar and dial techniques, by measuring backscattering signals and reconstructing the map of their concentrations, can be used to provide detailed information about the presence of aerosols, particulate and pollutions. Moreover, by using a multiwavelength approach, it is possible to increase the measurement accuracy and reliability. In this work, the dial approach is used to monitor the pollution in a very congested urban area with high trac. In order to provide a validation of the results, correlation analyses between the measured pollutants was performed. A new lidar analysis method, based on the least-square minimization technique, was introduced and demonstrated to work properly. The dial capability to detect polluted areas was shown—and by correlation analysis—also the possibility to identify the source of pollutions can be performed

Common features between neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the biliary tract and the pancreas

The bile duct system and pancreas show many similarities due to their anatomical proximity and common embryological origin. Consequently, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bile duct and pancreas share analogies in terms of molecular, histological and pathophysiological features. Intraepithelial neoplasms are reported in biliary tract, as biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN), and in pancreas, as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN). Both can evolve to invasive carcinomas, respectively cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Intraductal papillary neoplasms arise in biliary tract and pancreas. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the biliary tract (IPNB) share common histologic and phenotypic features such as pancreatobiliary, gastric, intestinal and oncocytic types, and biological behavior with the pancreatic counterpart, the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN). All these neoplastic lesions exhibit similar immunohistochemical phenotypes, suggesting a common carcinogenic process. Indeed, CCA and PDAC display similar clinic-pathological features as growth pattern, poor response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and, as a consequence, an unfavorable prognosis. The objective of this review is to discuss similarities and differences between the neoplastic lesions of the pancreas and biliary tract with potential implications on a common origin from similar stem/progenitor cells

NUOVE TECNOLOGIE NELL¿AMBITO DELL¿ANTROPOLOGIA FISICA E FORENSE:IMAGING E MODELLAZIONE 3D

Aim of this study is the investigation of the potentialities and limits of the new 3D technologies to be used for documentation, archiving and imaging in the context of Physical and Forensic Anthropology. The widest possible variety of anthropological material was digitally acquired: from skeletal remains into an archaeological site, skeletal elements acquired in the laboratory, to living subjects. The most effective "techniques" for the acquisition of different types of materials were studied and the limits of the scan based on the intrinsic characteristics of the material acquired and the type of instrument used were checked. The Laser Scanner technology has proved to be the most suitable and fast for the acquisition of Skull and Mandible on which to conduct studies about biological profile and identification. The 3D models acquired using Laser Scanner have been used to test a technique of craniofacial Superimposition. The results show that the use of the 3D model of the skull facilitates the process of superimposition; the persistence of a high percentage of false positives indicates that this technique should not be used to identify, it could rather be utilized to exclude. The models of the skull and mandible acquired with 3D laser scanners have been tested as a base to conduct facial reconstructions in the virtual environment. The facial reconstructions performed by two inter-operators were compared using a colorimetric map that has detected good homogeneity in morphometric terms in specific regions of the face but also discrepancies partly due to the different locations of some landmarks made by the two operators, partly due to the shortage of landmarks. New CT technologies generation were also tested: the possibility of age determination from dental volumes was studied with the cone-beam CT technology. Through the use of free software it has been possible to obtain the necessary volumes to calculate the relationship between the volume of the pulp and the volume of its corresponding tooth and carry out the study of the regression. The coefficient of correlation and determination found are comparable to those conducted by other authors using the most expensive equipment; the equation obtained still shows, however, lack of precision of the estimation age. A study that shows that the use of CBCT technology can improve the investigation of morphological stab wounds on cancellous bones was conducted. Conversely metric analysis of the lesions seems not to be very reliable. The acquisition of stab wound with pQCT technology was conducted in a real case: a 3D model was created, in order to allow the operator to define the volume of the lack of tissues related to the lesion. The application of pQCT scan proved to be a potentially useful tool for assessment of bone trauma. As regards the antemortem injury, the CBCT technology was used in the evaluation of the internal structure of the callus. The results could lay the foundation for new perspectives on bone callus evaluation and aging with cone-beam CT technique. In conclusion this study has showed and tested the various applications of 3D technologies in Physical and Forensic Anthropology, defining their limits and in awareness of the importance of the irreplaceable critical judgment of the operator

A new class of indicators for the model selection of scaling laws in nuclear fusion

The development of computationally efficient model selection strategies represents an important problem facing the analysis of Nuclear Fusion experimental data, in particular in the field of scaling laws for the extrapolation to future machines, and image processing. In this paper, a new model selection indicator, named Model Falsification Criterion (MFC), will be presented and applied to the problem of choosing the most generalizable scaling laws for the power threshold to access the H-mode of confinement in Tokamaks. The proposed indicator is based on the properties of the model residuals, their entropy and an implementation of the data falsification principle. The model selection ability of the proposed criterion will be demonstrated in comparison with the most widely used frequentist (Akaike Information Criterion) and bayesian (Bayesian Information Criterion) indicators.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

A simplified procedure for the evaluation of the seismic performance of bridge piers on caisson foundations

In this paper, a simplified procedure for the evaluation of the seismic performance of bridge piers founded on caissons subjected to strong ground motions is outlined. To this end, the up-per-bound semi-empirical relationships proposed in [1] are considered for the estimation of the seismic performance, expressed in terms of the maximum and permanent values of the deck drift ratio attained during and at the end of the seismic event. These drifts were related to the period ratio Teq/T0 between the fundamental periods of the deck-pier-caisson-soil sys-tem and of the soil column in free-field conditions. The deck drift and the period ratios were extracted from the results of an extensive parametric study, where 14 different systems were subjected to 6 real high-intensity seismic records. In the parametric study, 3D dynamic anal-yses were performed with the Finite Element Method in the time domain, in terms of effective stresses but assuming undrained conditions and adopting an elastic-plastic constitutive model to reproduce the irreversible soil behaviour under cyclic loading. As 3D dynamic numerical analyses are not expected to become an every-day design tool, the period ratios Teq/T0 are evaluated through empirical and analytical relationships available in the literature as well and then compared with the ratios obtained from the parametric study, to assess the possibil-ity of using simplified relationships while still getting a reliable estimate of the deck drift ra-tio. It is shown that these relationships can be profitably adopted provided that a fair estimate of the equivalent shear wave velocity, depending on the intensity of the seismic inputs, is used

Exploring the Use of Experiential Learning Methods to Increase CBRNe Awareness and Emergency Preparedness of Children

In recent years, there has been an increase in chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive incidents, often involving or specifically targeting children. These emerging threats pose a significant risk to the physical, psychological, and social wellbeing of children and can cause damaging effects on their development and growth. Children are more susceptible to the lethal effects of CBRNe agents and require increased protection, specialized intervention and medical countermeasures, and expert mental health support post-incident. The Hyogo Framework established a widely adopted international commitment to educating children about disasters, through which many nations have implemented disaster risk reduction education platforms focused on increasing their knowledge about potential hazards. However, few countries have begun to explore the benefits of introducing a comprehensive CBRNe awareness and preparedness curriculum to children. Studies have shown that experiential learning methods offer a highly engaging and immersive learning experience and increase educational outcomes. This work aims to explore the potential benefits of developing an interactive educational tool to introduce basic skills to prepare children and communities against CBRNe incidents