374 research outputs found
Energy Efficient Engine: Combustor component performance program
The results of the Combustor Component Performance analysis as developed under the Energy Efficient Engine (EEE) program are presented. This study was conducted to demonstrate the aerothermal and environmental goals established for the EEE program and to identify areas where refinements might be made to meet future combustor requirements. In this study, a full annular combustor test rig was used to establish emission levels and combustor performance for comparison with those indicated by the supporting technology program. In addition, a combustor sector test rig was employed to examine differences in emissions and liner temperatures obtained during the full annular performance and supporting technology tests
Debye temperature of disordered bcc-Fe-Cr alloys
Debye temperature, TD, of Fe100-xCrx disordered alloys with 0<x<99.9 was
determined from the temperature dependence of the centre shift of 57Fe
Mossbauer spectra recorded in the temperature range of 80-300K. Its
compositional dependence shows an interesting non-monotonous behaviour. For
0<x<~45 as well as for ~75<x<~95 the Debye temperature is enhanced relative to
its value of a metallic iron, and at x=~3 there is a local maximum having a
relative height of ~12% compared to a pure iron. For ~45~95
the Debye temperature is smaller than the one for the metallic iron, with a
local minimum at x=~55 at which the relative decrease of TD amounts to ~12%.
The first maximum coincides quite well with that found for the spin-waves
stiffness coefficient, D0, while the pretty steep decrease observed for x>~95
which is indicative of a decoupling of the probe Fe atoms from the underlying
chromium matrix is likely related to the spin-density waves which constitute
the magnetic structure of chromium in that interval of composition. The
harmonic force constant calculated from the Debye temperature of the least
Fe-concentrated alloy (x>99.9) amounts to only 23% of the one characteristic of
a pure chromium.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 26 reference
Energy efficient engine sector combustor rig test program
Under the NASA-sponsored Energy Efficient Engine program, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft has successfully completed a comprehensive combustor rig test using a 90-degree sector of an advanced two-stage combustor with a segmented liner. Initial testing utilized a combustor with a conventional louvered liner and demonstrated that the Energy Efficient Engine two-stage combustor configuration is a viable system for controlling exhaust emissions, with the capability to meet all aerothermal performance goals. Goals for both carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons were surpassed and the goal for oxides of nitrogen was closely approached. In another series of tests, an advanced segmented liner configuration with a unique counter-parallel FINWALL cooling system was evaluated at engine sea level takeoff pressure and temperature levels. These tests verified the structural integrity of this liner design. Overall, the results from the program have provided a high level of confidence to proceed with the scheduled Combustor Component Rig Test Program
Sigma-phase in Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloy systems and its physical properties
A review is presented on physical properties of the sigma-phase in Fe-Cr and
Fe-V alloy systems as revealed both with experimental -- mostly with the
Mossbauer spectroscopy -- and theoretical methods. In particular, the following
questions relevant to the issue have been addressed: identification of sigma
and determination of its structural properties, kinetics of alpha-to-sigma and
sigma-to-alpha phase transformations, Debye temperature and Fe-partial phonon
density of states, Curie temperature and magnetization, hyperfine fields,
isomer shifts and electric field gradients.Comment: 26 pages, 23 figures and 83 reference
Irradiation-induced Ag nanocluster nucleation in silicate glasses: analogy with photography
The synthesis of Ag nanoclusters in sodalime silicate glasses and silica was
studied by optical absorption (OA) and electron spin resonance (ESR)
experiments under both low (gamma-ray) and high (MeV ion) deposited energy
density irradiation conditions. Both types of irradiation create electrons and
holes whose density and thermal evolution - notably via their interaction with
defects - are shown to determine the clustering and growth rates of Ag
nanocrystals. We thus establish the influence of redox interactions of defects
and silver (poly)ions. The mechanisms are similar to the latent image formation
in photography: irradiation-induced photoelectrons are trapped within the glass
matrix, notably on dissolved noble metal ions and defects, which are thus
neutralized (reverse oxidation reactions are also shown to exist). Annealing
promotes metal atom diffusion, which in turn leads to cluster nuclei formation.
The cluster density depends not only on the irradiation fluence, but also - and
primarily - on the density of deposited energy and the redox properties of the
glass. Ion irradiation (i.e., large deposited energy density) is far more
effective in cluster formation, despite its lower neutralization efficiency
(from Ag+ to Ag0) as compared to gamma photon irradiation.Comment: 48 pages, 18 figures, revised version publ. in Phys. Rev. B, pdf fil
Determination of crystal orientation by Ω-scan method in nickel-based single-crystal turbine blades
The article presents an assessment of the crystal perfection of single-crystal turbine blades based on the crystal orientation and lattice parameter distribution on their surface. Crystal orientation analysis was conducted by the X-ray diffraction method Ω-scan and the X-ray diffractometer provided by the EFG Company. The Ω-scan method was successfully used for evaluation of the crystal orientation and lattice parameters in semiconductors. A description of the Ω-scan method and an example of measurement of crystal orientation compared to the Laue and EBSD methods are presented.This work was supported by the National Science Centre Poland (NCN) under Grant No. Preludium-UMO-2016/21/N/ST8/00240
Practice setting and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease
Introduction: Patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) are at
high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. The aim of the analysis was to
compare time trends in the extent to which cardiovascular prevention guidelines have been implemented by primary care physicians and specialists.
Material and methods: Five hospitals with cardiology departments serving
the city and surrounding districts in the southern part of Poland participated in the study. Consecutive patients hospitalized due to an acute coronary
syndrome or for a myocardial revascularization procedure were recruited
and interviewed 6-18 months after hospitalization. The surveys were carried out in 1997-1998, 1999-2000, 2006-2007 and 2011-2013.
Results: The proportion of smokers increased from 16.0% in 1997–1998 to
16.4% in 2011-2013 among those who declared that a cardiologist in a hospital outpatient clinic decided about the treatment, from 17.5% to 34.0%
(p < 0.01) among those treated by a primary care physician, and from 7.0%
to 19.7% (p = 0.06) among patients treated in private cardiology practices.
The corresponding proportions were 44.6% and 42.4% (p < 0.01), 47.7% and
52.8% (p = 0.53), 44.2% and 42.2% (p = 0.75) for high blood pressure, and
42.5% and 71.2% (p < 0.001), 51.4% and 79.6% (p < 0.001), 52.4% and 72.4%
(p < 0.01) for LDL cholesterol level not at recommended goal. The proportion of patients prescribed cardioprotective medications increased in every
analyzed group.
Conclusions: The control of cardiovascular risk in CAD patients has only
slightly improved since 1997/98 in all health care settings. The greatest potential for further improvement was found among patients whose post-hospital care is provided by primary care physicians. It is associated with promotion of a no-smoking policy and
enhanced prescription of guideline-recommended drugs
Lectin-like bacteriocins from pseudomonas spp. utilise D-rhamnose containing lipopolysaccharide as a cellular receptor
Lectin-like bacteriocins consist of tandem monocot mannose-binding domains and display a genus-specific killing activity. Here we show that pyocin L1, a novel member of this family from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, targets susceptible strains of this species through recognition of the common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) of P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide that is predominantly a homopolymer of d-rhamnose. Structural and biophysical analyses show that recognition of CPA occurs through the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain of pyocin L1 and that this interaction is a prerequisite for bactericidal activity. Further to this, we show that the previously described lectin-like bacteriocin putidacin L1 shows a similar carbohydrate-binding specificity, indicating that oligosaccharides containing d-rhamnose and not d-mannose, as was previously thought, are the physiologically relevant ligands for this group of bacteriocins. The widespread inclusion of d-rhamnose in the lipopolysaccharide of members of the genus Pseudomonas explains the unusual genus-specific activity of the lectin-like bacteriocins
Nomograms of Iranian fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler waveforms and uniformity of their pattern with other populations' nomograms
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis of fetal vessels is one of the main methods for evaluating fetus health before labor. Doppler waves of middle cerebral artery (MCA) can predict most of the at risk fetuses in high risk pregnancies. In this study, we tried to obtain normal values and their nomograms during pregnancy for Doppler flow velocity indices of MCA in 20 – 40 weeks of normal pregnancies in Iranian population and compare their pattern with other countries' nomograms.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>During present descriptive cross-sectional study, 1037 normal pregnant women with 20<sup>th</sup>–40<sup>th </sup>week gestational age were underwent MCA Doppler study. All cases were studied by gray scale ultrasonography initially and Doppler of MCA afterward. Resistive Index (RI), Pulsative Index (PI), Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D ratio), and Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) values of MCA were determined for all of the subjects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results of present study showed that RI, PI, S/D ratio values of MCA decreased with parabolic pattern and PSV value increased with simple pattern, as gestational age progressed. These changes were statistically significant (P = 0.000 for all of indices) and more characteristic during late weeks of pregnancy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Values of RI, PI and S/D ratio indices reduced toward the end of pregnancy, but PSV increased. Despite the trivial difference, nomograms of various Doppler indices in present study have similar pattern with other studies.</p
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