Exact approximation of Rao-Blackwellised particle filters

Particle methods are a category of Monte Carlo algorithms that have become popular for performing inference in non-linear non-Gaussian state-space models. The class of 'Rao-Blackwellised' particle filters exploits the analytic marginalisation that is possible for some state- space models to reduce the variance of the Monte Carlo estimates. Despite being applicable to only a restricted class of state-space models, such as conditionally linear Gaussian models, these algorithms have found numerous applications. In scenarios where no such analytical integration is possible, it has recently been proposed in Chen et al. [2011] to use 'local' particle filters to carry out this integration numerically. We propose here an alternative approach also relying on \local" particle filters which is more broadly applicable and has attractive theoretical properties. Proof-of-concept simulation results are presented

Rapunzel Syndrome: Trichobezoar in a 13 Years Old Girl

Background: Rapunzel syndrome is a rare type of trichobezoar with an extension of the hair into the small bowel. Clinical presentation is deceptive and vague ranging from abdominal mass to gastrointestinal symptoms. Case Presentation: We present a 13 years old girl with Rapunzel syndrome, where the trichobezoar was not suspected at all especially with negative history of trichophagia. In majority of the cases the diagnosis was made very late in the history of the disease, at a stage where surgery is the only cure for this syndrome. Conclusion: A trichobezoar represents a serious surgical condition. It is important to consider such diagnosis in face of suggestive symptoms, even if signs of trichotillomania are not present. The discrepancies between the prevalence of trichotillomania and trichobezoars due to trichophagia may be due to issues related to self-selection of patients and symptom severity. Such issues may also be important in the study of impulsive-compulsive spectrum models and to their relevance to impulse control disorder

Drug-tolerant persister cancer cells are vulnerable to GPX4 inhibition.

Acquired drug resistance prevents cancer therapies from achieving stable and complete responses. Emerging evidence implicates a key role for non-mutational drug resistance mechanisms underlying the survival of residual cancer 'persister' cells. The persister cell pool constitutes a reservoir from which drug-resistant tumours may emerge. Targeting persister cells therefore presents a therapeutic opportunity to impede tumour relapse. We previously found that cancer cells in a high mesenchymal therapy-resistant cell state are dependent on the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 for survival. Here we show that a similar therapy-resistant cell state underlies the behaviour of persister cells derived from a wide range of cancers and drug treatments. Consequently, we demonstrate that persister cells acquire a dependency on GPX4. Loss of GPX4 function results in selective persister cell ferroptotic death in vitro and prevents tumour relapse in mice. These findings suggest that targeting of GPX4 may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance

Counting curves on toric surfaces tropical geometry & the Fock space

We study the stationary descendant Gromov–Witten theory of toric surfaces by combining and extending a range of techniques – tropical curves, floor diagrams, and Fock spaces. A correspondence theorem is established between tropical curves and descendant invariants on toric surfaces using maximal toric degenerations. An intermediate degeneration is then shown to give rise to floor diagrams, giving a geometric interpretation of this well-known bookkeeping tool in tropical geometry. In the process, we extend floor diagram techniques to include descendants in arbitrary genus. These floor diagrams are then used to connect tropical curve counting to the algebra of operators on the bosonic Fock space, and are shown to coincide with the Feynman diagrams of appropriate operators. This extends work of a number of researchers, including Block–Göttche, Cooper–Pandharipande, and Block–Gathmann–Markwig

A comparative study of impact on cognitive function between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, hyperlipidemia etc, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It affects various organs of the body including the brain. Cognitive function is the thinking process of the brain. In any chronic disease evaluation of cognitive function is justified as it may affect various common day to day activities.Methods: It is a prospective, observational and non-interventional study. Thirty diabetic patients who were recently started on insulin i.e. within 7 days were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty non diabetic healthy individuals served as a control. Cognitive function was accessed by Adenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE III) at the time of enrollment.Results: The results were analysed using paired t-test. Attention, Memory and Visiospatial ability was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control. Verbal fluency and language was also reduced but the change was not significant. Total ACE III score was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control.Conclusions: Cognitive function is significantly reduced in Diabetic patients recently started on insulin. Hyperglycemia could be the possible reason of cognitive decline. Proper understanding of the natural history of Diabetes and the pathogenesis of cognitive decline as well as control of Diabetes can help to prevent development of cognitive dysfunction

Design of an Autonomous Agriculture Robot for Real Time Weed Detection using CNN

Agriculture has always remained an integral part of the world. As the human population keeps on rising, the demand for food also increases, and so is the dependency on the agriculture industry. But in today's scenario, because of low yield, less rainfall, etc., a dearth of manpower is created in this agricultural sector, and people are moving to live in the cities, and villages are becoming more and more urbanized. On the other hand, the field of robotics has seen tremendous development in the past few years. The concepts like Deep Learning (DL), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) are being incorporated with robotics to create autonomous systems for various sectors like automotive, agriculture, assembly line management, etc. Deploying such autonomous systems in the agricultural sector help in many aspects like reducing manpower, better yield, and nutritional quality of crops. So, in this paper, the system design of an autonomous agricultural robot which primarily focuses on weed detection is described. A modified deep-learning model for the purpose of weed detection is also proposed. The primary objective of this robot is the detection of weed on a real-time basis without any human involvement, but it can also be extended to design robots in various other applications involved in farming like weed removal, plowing, harvesting, etc., in turn making the farming industry more efficient. Source code and other details can be found at https://github.com/Dhruv2012/Autonomous-Farm-RobotComment: Published at the AVES 2021 conference. Source code and other details can be found at https://github.com/Dhruv2012/Autonomous-Farm-Robo

Role of local instillation of one percent feracrylum and haemocogulase on wound healing

Background: The introduction of increasingly complex and major surgical procedures during the last 50 years has inevitably been accompanied by greater problems in wound healing. Fortunately, modern surgery is relatively safe, certainly by comparison with situation 50 years ago, but it cannot be said that it is totally devoid of risks or complications, and problems of wound healing are encountered in every surgical specialty. Indeed, in various ways these complication account for a large part of morbidity and mortality of surgical treatment.          The present study has been carried out to evaluate role of local instillation of 1% feracrylum and haemocoagulase on wound healing.  Methods: The present study was carried out in 100 patients in the Department of General Surgery, S.S. Medical College and associated G.M. Hospital and Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa (M.P.), India. The material for the study comprised of randomly selected 100 patients. A thorough clinical examination was done to assess general condition of patients and systemic disorder. Local examination was done to make a surgical diagnosis and associated problem. In case of surgical emergency, on arrival of patient clinical examination was immediately started and history asked during resuscitation of the patient. All relevant procedures were performed before surgery. Appropriate surgical procedures were performed. Suitable local haemostatic was applied. The wound inspected on 3rd, 7th and 14th day of presence of swelling, tenderness, colour change, discharge, scar tissue and changes were recorded.Results: Most of the patients were between 21-30 years and 50 and above. The youngest being 3 years and the eldest being 75 years old. Majority of patients were operated for Perforation Peritonitis (28%) and Hernia (26%). Next common group was Intestinal Obstruction (9%) and Cholecystectomy (7%). Out of 100 cases operated 60 were as planned and rests were as emergency cases. 1% Feracrylum and Haemocoagulase was used in equal number of cases. In 24 cases 1% Feracrylum was instilled subcutaneously in 10 cases instilled at intermuscular level and in 16 cases instilled at both level. In 23 cases Haemocogulase was instilled subcutaneously in 14 cases instilled at intermuscular level and in 13 cases instilled at both level. All cases Skin Wound was closed in Interrupted fashion.Conclusions: Good surgical technique plays key role in post-operative wound healing. The essential of good surgical technique include gentle handling of tissues, meticulous haemostasis, and prevention of dead space in the wound and avoidance of tissue necrosis resulting from excessive use of diathermy or strangulation of tissues by Ligatures. 1% Feracrylum and Haemocoagulase are helpful in decreasing local infection rate by decreasing post-operative capillary oozing.

Static & Thermal Analysis of Piston for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Ansys : A Review

The main objective of this present research work is to investigate and analyze the stresses which are acting on the piston. The parameter which is used for analysis is temperature, operating pressure and properties of materials. Piston in internal combustion engine play most important role because it transfers the force which is produced during the combustion of fuel to crankshaft due to which it converts the pressure energy into mechanical energy. Piston fails due to thermal and mechanical stresses which are produced under the running condition of engine. The boundary conditions are applied for static and thermal analysis which includes pressure on piston head during working period and uneven temperature distributions occurs from head of piston to skirt of piston. The 3D-model will be created using SOLIDWORKS2018.the 3D model will be imported in the Ansys software for geometry and meshing purposes then the FEM Analysis will be done on ANSYS software. Analysis will help to change the existing design for reduce the weight. Finite Element Analysis is the best method for analyzing the stresses in piston