226 research outputs found
Constraining a possible time variation of the gravitational constant G with terrestrial nuclear laboratory data
Testing the constancy of the gravitational constant G has been a longstanding
fundamental question in natural science. As first suggested by Jofr\'{e},
Reisenegger and Fern\'{a}ndez [1], Dirac's hypothesis of a decreasing
gravitational constant with time due to the expansion of the Universe would
induce changes in the composition of neutron stars, causing dissipation and
internal heating. Eventually, neutron stars reach their quasi-stationary states
where cooling due to neutrino and photon emissions balances the internal
heating. The correlation of surface temperatures and radii of some old neutron
stars may thus carry useful information about the changing rate of G. Using the
density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy constrained by recent
terrestrial laboratory data on isospin diffusion in heavy-ion reactions at
intermediate energies and the size of neutron skin in within the
gravitochemical heating formalism, we obtain an upper limit of the relative
changing rate of consistent with the
best available estimates in the literature.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted version to appear in PRC
(2007
Optimal income tax enforcement in the presence of tax avoidance
This collection provides a comprehensive guide to students and academics on the subjects of tax avoidance from an interdisciplinary perspective
The role of eggs in the diet: nutraceutical and epigenetic aspects
The use of eggs in human diet has been object of many prejudices
which are not yet completely disappeared The evolution of knowledge
in the field of nutrition has, partially, countered these prejudices
by highlighting the biological importance of several compounds
present in the eggs. The nutritional and commercial revaluation
of the eggs are passed through the enrichment of the lipid
fraction in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ω3) which, have
shown positive effects against cardiovascular diseases and development
of the central nervous system and retina. The enrichment of
eggs lipid with ω3 fatty acids is carried out by the integration of
feeding hens with oils rich in ω3 fatty acids such as plant or
marine oils. The results showed that the accumulation of ω3 in the
egg yolk lipids is strongly affected by the type of oil used as supplement
and by the amounts of oils administrated to the hens
Model selection for spectro-polarimetric inversions
Inferring magnetic and thermodynamic information from spectropolarimetric
observations relies on the assumption of a parameterized model atmosphere whose
parameters are tuned by comparison with observations. Often, the choice of the
underlying atmospheric model is based on subjective reasons. In other cases,
complex models are chosen based on objective reasons (for instance, the
necessity to explain asymmetries in the Stokes profiles) but it is not clear
what degree of complexity is needed. The lack of an objective way of comparing
models has, sometimes, led to opposing views of the solar magnetism because the
inferred physical scenarios are essentially different. We present the first
quantitative model comparison based on the computation of the Bayesian evidence
ratios for spectropolarimetric observations. Our results show that there is not
a single model appropriate for all profiles simultaneously. Data with moderate
signal-to-noise ratios favor models without gradients along the line-of-sight.
If the observations shows clear circular and linear polarization signals above
the noise level, models with gradients along the line are preferred. As a
general rule, observations with large signal-to-noise ratios favor more complex
models. We demonstrate that the evidence ratios correlate well with simple
proxies. Therefore, we propose to calculate these proxies when carrying out
standard least-squares inversions to allow for model comparison in the future.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in Ap
Sistema experto en análisis de fallas en líneas eléctricas de transmisión
Los Sistemas eléctricos de Transmisión están sometidos a distintos tipos de fallas, que degradan la capacidad de transporte de energía, y provocan como consecuencia un elevado costo en penalidades a la empresa responsable del transporte. Frente a las dificultades que plantea la obtención rápida de un diagnóstico, se estableció como objetivo el desarrollo de un Sistema Experto que procese en tiempo real la información adquirida y que frente a un suceso característico de una falla, emita un diagnóstico y asista a los especialistas y los operadores a identificar rápidamente el origen del problema y efectuar las operaciones que correspondan.Eje: Sistemas de información y MetaheurísticaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI
Milne-Eddington inversion of the Fe I line pair at 630~nm
The iron lines at 630.15 and 630.25 nm are often used to determine the
physical conditions of the solar photosphere. A common approach is to invert
them simultaneously under the Milne-Eddington approximation. The same
thermodynamic parameters are employed for the two lines, except for their
opacities, which are assumed to have a constant ratio. We aim at investigating
the validity of this assumption, since the two lines are not exactly the same.
We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the quiet Sun to examine the behavior
of the ME thermodynamic parameters and their influence on the retrieval of
vector magnetic fields and flow velocities. Our analysis shows that the two
lines can be coupled and inverted simultaneously using the same thermodynamic
parameters and a constant opacity ratio. The inversion of two lines is
significantly more accurate than single-line inversions because of the larger
number of observables.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Research
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