Illegal Fishing and Fisheries Crime as a Transnational Organized Crime in Indonesia

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is increasingly drawing international attention and coastal states strengthen their efforts to address it as a matter of priority due to its severe implications for food, economic, environmental and social security. As the largest archipelagic country in the world, this is especially problematic for Indonesia. In this already complex geographical and security environment, the authors test the hypothesis that IUU fishing and fisheries crime(s) classify as transnational organized criminal activities. The article argues that IUU fishing is much more than simply a fisheries management issue, since it goes hand in hand with fisheries crime. As a result, although the two concepts are quite distinct, they are so closely interlinked and interrelated throughout the entire value chain of marine fisheries, that they can only be managed effectively collectively by understanding them both within the framework of transnational organized crime. To make this argument, the research utilizes qualitative and quantitative data collected from approximately two thousand trafficked fishers, rescued in 2015 from slavery conditions while stranded in two remote Indonesian locations: Benjina on Aru island and on Ambon island. The article’s findings also unveil new trends relating to the inner workings of the illegal fishing industry, in four different, yet interlinked categories: recruitment patterns and target groups; document forgery; forced labor and abuse; and fisheries violations. The paper concludes by confirming the hypothesis and highlights that IUU fishing provides the ideal (illegal) environment for fisheries crimes and other forms of transnational organized crimes to flourish

Preferences for Domestic Water Services in the Middle Olifants Sub-Basin of South Africa

Using household survey data, this study investigates preferences for domestic water services in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Water is a relatively scarce resource in South Africa that is distributed unevenly both geographically and seasonally as well as sociopolitically. For a water management addressing the policy objectives of efficiency in use, equity in access and benefits and long-term sustainability, economic valuation of the different water uses is required. In order to detect households' preferences, a choice experiment of the various water services was conducted. Results suggested the presence of preference heterogeneity and therefore, a latent class model was applied, dividing households into homogeneous groups according to their preferences. Four distinct groups of households could be identified which differ significantly in terms of their socio-economic characteristics, their attitudes toward pricing of water and their satisfaction with current water service levels. Willingness to pay (WTP) estimates of different water service characteristics in all groups indicate that households are willing to pay higher prices for a better and more reliable water services provision. But the amount households are willing to pay differs among the groups. This information is helpful for policy-makers to enable the design of water services in the Middle Olifants according to preferences of local households. Besides, WTP estimation can provide a basis for setting water tariffs

Collateral damage? Small-scale fisheries in the global fight against IUU fishing

© 2020 The Authors. Fish and Fisheries published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Concern over illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has led to a number of policy, trade and surveillance measures. While much attention has been given to the impact of IUU regulation on industrial fleets, recognition of the distinct impacts on small-scale fisheries is conspicuously lacking from the policy and research debate. In this paper, we outline three ways in which the application of IUU discourse and regulation undermines small-scale fisheries. First, the mainstream construction of “illegal,” “unreported” and “unregulated” fishing, and also the categorical use of “IUU” in an all-inclusive sense, disregards the diversity, legitimacy and sustainability of small-scale fisheries practices and their governing systems. Second, we explore how the recent trade-related measures to counter IUU fishing mask and reinforce existing inequalities between different sectors and countries, creating an unfair burden on small-scale fisheries and countries who depend on them. Third, as IUU fishing is increasingly approached as “organized crime,” there is a risk of inappropriately targeting small-scale fisheries, at times violently. Reflecting on these three trends, we propose three strategies by which a more sensitive and ultimately more equitable incorporation of small-scale fisheries can be supported in the global fight against IUU fishing

Investigating strategic behaviour in small, micro and medium tourism enterprises in South Africa

Please help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected] En BestuurswetenskappeNagraadse Bestuurskoo

The strategic behaviour of owners-managers in small, micro and medium tourism enterprises (SMMTEs) in South Africa

The South African small, micro and medium tourism enterprises (SMMTE) sector underpins the delivery of the tourism product/offering and is particularly important in destination development. SMMTE owners with a certain attribute profile have a direct bearing on the success or failure of SMMTEs and can thus positively or negatively impact the long-term sustainability of such businesses. The study seeks to explore the potential dynamic interrelationships between attributes (which is characterised by locus of control, reasons for starting a business, holistic capabilities, formal management education and prior experience) and preferred strategic behaviour of SMMTE owners-managers in South Africa. The overall research question in this paper is: do relationships exist between the attributes of SMMTE owners (independent variables) and strategic behaviour (the dependent variable). Overall, the findings of this paper identify statistically significant associations between certain attributes of the owners of the SMMTEs and preferred strategic behaviour. The paper contributes toward an improved understanding of the association between SMMTE owner attributes (predictors) and strategic behaviour. This study involved a largely under-researched SMMTE sector in South Africa; produced a foundation for further analysis of the attributes of SMMTE entrepreneurs and the manifestation of strategic behaviour in SMMTEs; and have made a contribution to the body of knowledge.

The development of a factor based instrument to measure corporate entrepreneurship : a South African perspective

CITATION: Goosen, C. J., De Coning, T. J. & Smit, E. v d M. 2002. The development of a factor based instrument to measure corporate entrepreneurship : a South African perspective. South African Journal of Business Management, 33(3):a704, doi:10.4102/sajbm.v33i3.704.The original publication is available at https://sajbm.orgThis article outlines a conceptual model of corporate entrepreneurship in which management’s influence on an organisation is highlighted. The model is intended to depict the organisational elements that relate to South African industrial organisations. Corporate entrepreneurship or intrapreneurship is represented by a set of three ‘key factors’. Two key factors were taken from the well researched ENTRESCALE (Knight, 1997) and focus externally. The other key factor focuses internally and represents management’s influence on structures and processes, and relations. The model encompasses product lines and changes, research and development leadership, new techniques employed in the organisation, the organisation’s competitive posture and its risk-taking propensity, its environmental boldness and the decision-making style of management in terms of external opportunities. The model also addresses internal structures and processes, as well as relations. It emphasises intrapreneurial goal setting, and promotes the use of a system that facilitates and manages creativity and innovation. It addresses an intracapital system to supply resources and it facilitates communication. The model allows for staff input to management, a degree of intrapreneurial freedom, a problem-solving culture and empowered staff. Finally, it provides for the championing of intrapreneurship by management. The model is tested in context. There is significant negative correlation between intrapreneurship and organisational age, but not between the intrapreneurship and organisation size. The intrapreneurship factors furthermore correlate significantly with the measure of share price volatility, β (Beta).https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/view/704Publisher's versio

Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance : the role of management

CITATION: Goosen, G. J., De Coning, T. J. & Smit, E. v d M. 2002. Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance : the role of management. South African Journal of Business Management, 33(4):a708, doi:10.4102/sajbm.v33i4.708.The original publication is available at https://sajbm.orgIt is hypothesised that a positive relationship exists between the financial performance of an organisation and the level of intrapreneurship within the organisation with causation running from entrepreneurship to financial outcomes. Using a three-factor key intrapreneurship model developed by Goosen, De Coning and Smit (2002) and financial outcomes from a sample of companies listed in the industrial sector of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, this proposition is put to the test. The results support the hypothesis that the key factors innovativeness, proactiveness and management’s internal influence all significantly contribute to financial performance if regarded individually, but that the last factor dominates the first two external factors when used simultaneously. The conclusion underscores the importance of the impact of leadership on financial outcomes.https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/view/708Publisher's versio