Use of thermal inertia determined by HCMM to predict nocturnal cold prone areas in Florida

Registered data sets were used to develop qualititative temperature and delta T maps of a band across north Florida and across south Florida for use with Carlson's boundary layer energy model balance model. Thermal inertia and moisture availability computations for north Florida are being used to investigate model sensitivity and to evaluate input parameters. Temperature differences of day-night HCMM overpasses clearly differentiate wetlands and uplands areas

Laser Beam Profiling and Crystallographic Analysis

Lasers and x-rays are widely used in the modern world for studying biomolecules. For the purposes of the physics department, future research requires certainty that lasers have Gaussian profiles, though the lasers used often deviate from this ideal. In this project, we investigate methods to measure and analyze laser beam profiles. We first reviewed the theory of Gaussian beams and their properties. We then measured our laser’s profile using two techniques: a knife-edge method and a cell phone photography method. The first involved moving a razor edge across the beam to measure transmitted light, while the second involved visualizing the profile through photographs. The second part of the project involved x-ray crystallography, a powerful technique for determining the three-dimensional structure of molecules. Crystallography analysis involves growing crystals of the molecule of interest and exposing them to x-rays. By analyzing the diffraction pattern, it is possible to reconstruct the molecule’s electron density and determine its precise atomic coordinates. However, crystallography analysis can be challenging due to the data processing and modeling required to interpret the diffraction data. We compared open-source crystallography software and practiced data analysis using publicly available sample diffraction patterns. In summary, we investigated methods to measure and analyze laser beam profiles, including hands-on techniques and imaging. We also discussed x-ray crystallography, a key technique in studying molecular structures. Our work provides the foundation for future optics and crystallography projects

Concept Design for Optical Tweezers to be used in DNA Research

Optical tweezers are a Nobel Prize-winning technology capable of trapping microscopic and sub-microscopic particles using a laser beam. There are several new and useful applications available with the use of optical tweezers. A single optical tweezers set up can cost upwards of two hundred thousand dollars; however, we have designed a cost effective set up to study damaged DNA for under thirty thousand dollars. Using this design, we applied for a grant that would give us the necessary funds to build this set up. The building process itself will be very useful hands-on time learning about the laser set up. In addition, our optical tweezers would be integrated into undergraduate classes

Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis.

BACKGROUND: We studied the incidence, prevalence, and radiographic progression of symptomatic adjacent-segment disease, which we defined as the development of new radiculopathy or myelopathy referable to a motion segment adjacent to the site of a previous anterior arthrodesis of the cervical spine. METHODS: A consecutive series of 374 patients who had a total of 409 anterior cervical arthrodeses for the treatment of cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy or myelopathy, or both, were followed for a maximum of twenty-one years after the operation. The annual incidence of symptomatic adjacent-segment disease was defined as the percentage of patients who had been disease-free at the start of a given year of follow-up in whom new disease developed during that year. The prevalence was defined as the percentage of all patients in whom symptomatic adjacent-segment disease developed within a given period of follow-up. The natural history of the disease was predicted with use of a Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis. The hypothesis that new disease at an adjacent level is more likely to develop following a multilevel arthrodesis than it is following a single-level arthrodesis was tested with logistic regression. RESULTS: Symptomatic adjacent-segment disease occurred at a relatively constant incidence of 2.9 percent per year (range, 0.0 to 4.8 percent per year) during the ten years after the operation. Survivorship analysis predicted that 25.6 percent of the patients (95 percent confidence interval, 20 to 32 percent) who had an anterior cervical arthrodesis would have new disease at an adjacent level within ten years after the operation. There were highly significant differences among the motion segments with regard to the likelihood of symptomatic adjacent-segment disease (p CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic adjacent-segment disease may affect more than one-fourth of all patients within ten years after an anterior cervical arthrodesis. A single-level arthrodesis involving the fifth or sixth cervical vertebra and preexisting radiographic evidence of degeneration at adjacent levels appear to be the greatest risk factors for new disease. Therefore, we believe that all degenerated segments causing radiculopathy or myelopathy should be included in an anterior cervical arthrodesis. Although our findings suggest that symptomatic adjacent-segment disease is the result of progressive spondylosis, patients should be informed of the substantial possibility that new disease will develop at an adjacent level over the long term

Approach to Perturbative Results in the N-Delta Transition

We show that constraints from perturbative QCD calculations play a role in the nucleon to Delta(1232) electromagnetic transition even at moderate momentum transfer scales. The pQCD constraints, tied to real photoproduction data and unseparated resonance response functions, lead to explicit forms for the helicity amplitudes wherein the E2/M1 ratio remains small at moderately large momentum transfer.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, ReVTe

First cohomology for finite groups of Lie type: simple modules with small dominant weights

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 0$, and let $G$ be a simple, simply connected algebraic group defined over $\mathbb{F}_p$. Given $r \geq 1$, set $q=p^r$, and let $G(\mathbb{F}_q)$ be the corresponding finite Chevalley group. In this paper we investigate the structure of the first cohomology group $H^1(G(\mathbb{F}_q),L(\lambda))$ where $L(\lambda)$ is the simple $G$-module of highest weight $\lambda$. Under certain very mild conditions on $p$ and $q$, we are able to completely describe the first cohomology group when $\lambda$ is less than or equal to a fundamental dominant weight. In particular, in the cases we consider, we show that the first cohomology group has dimension at most one. Our calculations significantly extend, and provide new proofs for, earlier results of Cline, Parshall, Scott, and Jones, who considered the special case when $\lambda$ is a minimal nonzero dominant weight.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Typos corrected and some proofs streamlined over previous versio

Local Duality Predictions for x ~ 1 Structure Functions

Recent data on the proton F_2 structure function in the resonance region suggest that local quark-hadron duality works remarkably well for each of the low-lying resonances, including the elastic, to rather low values of Q^2. We derive model-independent relations between structure functions at x ~ 1 and elastic electromagnetic form factors, and predict the x -> 1 behavior of nucleon polarization asymmetries and the neutron to proton structure function ratios from available data on nucleon electric and magnetic form factors.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, typos in Eq. (2) correcte

Electromagnetic response functions of few-nucleon systems

Inclusive electromagnetic reactions in few-nucleon systems are studied basing on accurate three- and four-body calculations. The longitudinal 4He(e,e') response function obtained at q\le 600 MeV/c completely agrees with experiment. The exact 4He spectral function obtained in a semirealistic potential model is presented, and the accuracy of the quasielastic response calculated with its help is assessed, as well as the accuracy of some simpler approximations for the response. The photodisintegration cross section of 3He obtained with the realistic AV14 NN force plus UrbanaVIII NNN force agrees with experiment. It is shown that this cross section is very sensitive to underlying nuclear dynamics in the E_\gamma\simeq 70-100 MeV region. In particular, the NNN nuclear force clearly manifests itself in this region.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, style file is included, 7 ps figures, to appear in Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics, ITCP, Triest, May 1999, World Sci., Singapor

T-infinity: The Dependency Inversion Principle for Rapid and Sustainable Multidisciplinary Software Development

The CFD Vision 2030 Study recommends that, NASA should develop and maintain an integrated simulation and software development infrastructure to enable rapid CFD technology maturation.... [S]oftware standards and interfaces must be emphasized and supported whenever possible, and open source models for noncritical technology components should be adopted. The current paper presents an approach to an open source development architecture, named T-infinity, for accelerated research in CFD leveraging the Dependency Inversion Principle to realize plugins that communicate through collections of functions without exposing internal data structures. Steady state flow visualization, mesh adaptation, fluid-structure interaction, and overset domain capabilities are demonstrated through compositions of plugins via standardized abstract interfaces without the need for source code dependencies between disciplines. Plugins interact through abstract interfaces thereby avoiding N 2 direct code-to-code data structure coupling where N is the number of codes. This plugin architecture enhances sustainable development by controlling the interaction between components to limit software complexity growth. The use of T-infinity abstract interfaces enables multidisciplinary application developers to leverage legacy applications alongside newly-developed capabilities. While rein, a description of interface details is deferred until the are more thoroughly tested and can be closed to modification

Operator Analysis of L=1 Baryon Masses in Large N_c QCD

We consider in detail the mass operator analysis for the nonstrange L=1 excited baryons in large N_c QCD. We present a straightforward procedure for constructing the large N_c baryon wavefunctions, and provide complete analytic expressions for the matrix elements of all the independent isosinglet mass operators. We discuss the relationship between the old-fashioned operator analyses based on nonrelativistic SU(6) symmetry and the modern large N_c approach, which has a firmer theoretical foundation. We then suggest a possible dynamical interpretation for the subset of operators preferred strongly by the data.Comment: 36 pages LaTe