The menopause and the female police workforce

© 2019 Manchester Metropolitan University. Drawing upon previously unpublished findings from a wider study that addressed the impact of austerity and force change programmes upon the older female police workforce, this paper presents secondary analysis of focus group data to address the equality impact of such developments. The paper directs particular attention to additional challenges faced by women experiencing the menopause and menopause transition. Focus groups were undertaken between November 2012 and June 2013, across 14 force areas within England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The findings raise questions regarding the service’s compliance with the legal obligations set out within the public sector general equality duty, which requires organisations to consider how they could positively contribute to the advancement of equality and remove or minimise disadvantages suffered by people due to their protected characteristics. The paper concludes by arguing that it is necessary to consider the intersectionality of age and gender, and to further disaggregate (and make publicly available) workforce data to take into account various subcategories of women and men that make up the police workforce. Finally, the paper highlights the need to take into account wider national and international gender equality policy when entering into ‘the future of policing’ policy discussions, and within future policing equality and diversity strategy

On Becoming a DNP user: Some Reflections on the Developing Use of a Computer

This paper considers the development of a tool to support the presentation of the material forming an ethnographic report. The paper focuses on the way in which use of the system has evolved to offer appropriate facilities. The use of viewpoints to present material from a number of studies is described. The paper concludes by reflecting on the need to consider the way in ethnographers have become users of the tool

Between overt and covert research: concealment and disclosure in an ethnographic study of commercial hospitality

This article examines the ways in which problems of concealment emerged in an ethnographic study of a suburban bar and considers how disclosure of the research aims, the recruitment of informants, and elicitation of information was negotiated throughout the fieldwork. The case study demonstrates how the social context and the relationships with specific informants determined overtness or covertness in the research. It is argued that the existing literature on covert research and covert methods provides an inappropriate frame of reference with which to understand concealment in fieldwork. The article illustrates why concealment is sometimes necessary, and often unavoidable, and concludes that the criticisms leveled against covert methods should not stop the fieldworker from engaging in research that involves covertness

The everyday world of bouncers: a rehabilitated role for covert ethnography

© 2018, The Author(s) 2018. The focus of this article is on the everyday world of bouncers in the night-time economy of Manchester, England. The structure of the article is to contextualise my covert passing in this demonized subculture followed by explorations of the everyday world of bouncers through the related concepts of door order and the bouncer self. A part of the article is an examination of the management of situated ‘ethical moments’ during the fieldwork and, more generally, critical reflections on emotionality, embodiment and risk-taking in ethnography. I also reflect on the retrospective and longitudinal nature of my fieldwork immersion, and both the data management challenges and possibilities this brings. Covert ethnography can be a creative part of the ethnographer’s tool kit and can provide an alternative perspective on subcultures, settings and organisations. By overly frowning upon the apparent ethical transgressions of covert research, we can stifle and censor the sociological imagination rather than enhance it. My call is for a rehabilitation of covert research

Observation of substrate diffusion and ligand binding in enzyme crystals using high-repetition-rate mix-and-inject serial crystallography

18 pags, 11 figs, 5 tabsHere, we illustrate what happens inside the catalytic cleft of an enzyme when substrate or ligand binds on single-millisecond timescales. The initial phase of the enzymatic cycle is observed with near-atomic resolution using the most advanced X-ray source currently available: the European XFEL (EuXFEL). The high repetition rate of the EuXFEL combined with our mix-and-inject technology enables the initial phase of ceftriaxone binding to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-lactamase to be followed using time-resolved crystallography in real time. It is shown how a diffusion coefficient in enzyme crystals can be derived directly from the X-ray data, enabling the determination of ligand and enzyme-ligand concentrations at any position in the crystal volume as a function of time. In addition, the structure of the irreversible inhibitor sulbactam bound to the enzyme at a 66 ms time delay after mixing is described. This demonstrates that the EuXFEL can be used as an important tool for biomedically relevant research.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center 'BioXFEL' through award STC-1231306, and in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under contract DESC0002164 (AO, algorithm design and development) and by the National Science Foundation under contract Nos. 1551489 (AO, underlying analytical models) and DBI-2029533 (AO, functional conformations). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 1450681 to JLO. The work was also supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM117342-0404. Funding and support are also acknowledged from the National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM095583, from the Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery at ASU, from National Science Foundation award No. 1565180 and the US Department of Energy through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. KAZ was supported by the Cornell Molecular Biophysics Training Program (NIH T32-GM008267). This work was also supported by the Cluster of Excellence 'CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter' of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), EXC 2056, project ID 390715994. CFEL is supported by the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the DFG, the 'X-probe' project funded by the European Union 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 637295, the European Research Council, 'Frontiers in Attosecond X-ray Science: Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXSIS)', ERC-2013-SyG 609920, and the Human Frontiers Science Program grant RGP0010 2017. This work is also supported by the AXSIS project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 609920.Peer reviewe