Justice, culture and the political determinants of indigenous Australian health

Indigenous Australian health is distinguished by a median age of death in the order of 20 years less than that of the non-indigenous population (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009). This makes Australia unique among comparable post-colonial societies in failing to make substantive reductions to the indigenous/non-indigenous health differential. Relatively poor indigenous housing, educational attainment, labour market participation and access to traditional resources for economic purposes contribute to the differen- tial. These contributing variables have an inherently political character which is integral to examining the just distribution of public authority, the purpose of political activity, equal political participation and cultural responsiveness in the provision of health ser- vices as important theoretical considerations in reducing cross-cultural inequities in the burden of disease

A Pathway to Precision Medicine for Aboriginal Australians: A Study Protocol

Published: 21 June 2021(1) Background: Genomic precision medicine (PM) utilises people’s genomic data to inform the delivery of preventive and therapeutic health care. PM has not been well-established for use with people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestry due to the paucity of genomic data from these communities. We report the development of a new protocol using co-design methods to enhance the potential use of PM for Aboriginal Australians. (2) Methods: This iterative qualitative study consists of five main phases. Phase-I will ensure appropriate governance of the project and establishment of a Project Advisory Committee. Following an initial consultation with the Aboriginal community, Phase-II will invite community members to participate in co-design workshops. In Phase-III, the Chief Investigators will participate in co-design workshops and document generated ideas. The notes shall be analysed thematically in Phase-IV with Aboriginal community representatives, and the summary will be disseminated to the communities. In Phase-V, we will evaluate the co-design process and adapt our protocol for the use in partnership with other communities. (3) Discussion: This study protocol represents a crucial first step to ensure that PM research is relevant and acceptable to Aboriginal Australians. Without fair access to PM, the gap in health outcome between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians will continue to widen.Yeu-Yao Cheng, Jack Nunn, John Skinner, Boe Rambaldini, Tiffany Boughtwood, Tom Calma, Alex Brown, Cliff Meldrum, Marcel E. Dinger, Jennifer A. Byrne, Debbie McCowen, Jayden Potter, Kerry Faires, Sandra Cooper and Kylie Gwynn

‘Cruel and unusual punishment’: an inter-jurisdictional study of the criminalisation of young people with complex support needs

Although several criminologists and social scientists have drawn attention to the high rates of mental and cognitive disability amongst populations of young people embroiled in youth justice systems, less attention has been paid to the ways in which young people with disability are disproportionately exposed to processes of criminalisation and how the same processes serve to further disable them. In this paper, we aim to make a contribution towards filling this gap by drawing upon qualitative findings from the Comparative Youth Penality Project - an empirical inter-jurisdictional study of youth justice and penality in England and Wales and in four Australian states. We build on, integrate and extend theoretical perspectives from critical disability studies and from critical criminology to examine the presence of, and responses to, socio-economically disadvantaged young people with multiple disabilities (complex support needs) in youth justice systems in our selected jurisdictions. Four key findings emerge from our research pertaining to: (i) the criminalisation of disability and disadvantage; (ii) the management of children and young people with disabilities by youth justice agencies; (iii) the significance of early and holistic responses for children and young people with complex support needs; and (iv) the inadequate nature of community based support

Manufacturing and Supply Chain Flexibility: Building an Integrative Conceptual Model Through Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to establish the current themes on the topic of manufacturing and supply chain flexibility (MSCF), assess their level of maturity in relation to each other, identify the emerging ones and reflect on how they can inform each other, and second, to develop a conceptual model of MSCF that links different themes connect and highlight future research opportunities. The study builds on a sample of 222 articles published from 1996 to 2018 in international, peer-reviewed journals. The analysis of the sample involves two complementary approaches: the co-word technique to identify the thematic clusters as well as their relative standing and a critical reflection on the papers to explain the intellectual content of these thematic clusters. The results of the co-word analysis show that MSCF is a dynamic topic with a rich and complex structure that comprises five thematic clusters. The value chain, capability and volatility clusters showed research topics that were taking a central role in the discussion on MSCF but were not mature yet. The SC purchasing practices and SC planning clusters involved work that was more focused and could be considered more mature. These clusters were then integrated in a framework that built on the competence–capability perspective and identified the major structural and infrastructural elements of MSCF as well as its antecedents and consequences. This paper proposes an integrative framework helping managers keep track the various decisions they need to make to increase flexibility from the viewpoint of the entire value chain

Evidences, doute et tromperie divine (édition critique du Livre I, Question I des Sentences de Pierre d'Ailly)

Ce travail propose d un côté une édition critique du prologue des Sentences de Pierre d Ailly (1350-1420) réalisée sur la collation des trois manuscrits Paris, Mazarine 934, 935 ; Sorbonne 194. De l autre côte il propose l'analyse de la conception développée dans ce prologue, au sujet de degrés d évidence. Pierre d Ailly atteste l existence d une évidence absolue, à savoir celle du principe de non-contradiction, de l évidence des propositions contingentes du genre ego cogito, ego vivo, et de l évidence relative (secundum quid) manifeste dans le cas de la connaissance sensitive. L évidence se définit aussi comme l'opposé de l'erreur. La cause principale de la tromperie est selon Pierre d Ailly l intervention de Dieu dans le processus de notre connaissance. Une enquête sur le problème de l évidence chez Duns Scot, Guillaume d Ockham, William Crathorn, Walter Chatton, Adam Wodeham, Jean Buridan et Jean de Mirecourt, ainsi que sur la doctrine de l intuition de l objet non-existent chez Pierre d Auriol nous a permis de tracer la genèse de la pensée de Pierre d Ailly et de dégager la nouveauté de sa position. Nous avons démontré qu une grande partie de l ouvrage de Pierre d Ailly est assurée par des arguments copiés verbatim de Jean de Mirecourt, et nous avons classé son plagiat sous trois catégories : le plagiat d expression, le plagiat polémique et le plagiat simpliciter.This work presents, on the one hand, a critical edition of the prologue of the Sentences of Pierre d'Ailly (1350-1420) carried out on the collation of the three manuscripts Paris, Mazarine 934, 935; Sorbonne 194. Furthermore, it contains a philosophical interpretation of this text on the subject of degrees of evidence] Pierre d Ailly attests to the existence of an absolute evidence, namely the evidence of the principle of non-contradiction, the evidence of contingent propositions such as ego cogito, ego vivo, and the existence of a relative evidence (secundum quid), manifest in the case of sensitive knowledge. Evidence is also defined as opposition to error. The main cause of deception is, according to Pierre d'Ailly, God's intervention in the process of our knowledge. To understand the position of Pierre d'Ailly the author undertakes an investigation into the problem of evidence in Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Crathorn, Walter Chatton, Adam Wodeham, Jean Buridan and Jean Mirecourt. Also under examination here is Pierre d'Auriol's doctrine of intuition of the non-existent object as a source for Pierre d Ailly's conception of evidentia secundum quid. This study demonstrates that much of the thinking of Pierre d'Ailly is ensured by arguments copied verbatim from Jean Mirecourt, and his plagiarism is classified into three categories: plagiarism of expression, polemical plagiarism and plagiarism simpliciter.PARIS-EPHE-Sciences religieuses (751052336) / SudocSudocFranceF

Talking about the 'r' word: a right to a health system that is free of racism.

Australia's local, state, territory and federal governments have agreed that the 10-year life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians will be closed by 2031. However, annual Closing the Gap reports tabled by the various prime ministers in the Australian Parliament (for the past 12 years) have consistently indicated that the life expectancy gap continues to widen. Australia has seen more than three decades of government policies since the landmark 1989 National Aboriginal health strategy. What has been missing from these policy commitments is the genuine enactment of the knowledges that are held by Indigenous Australians relating to their cultural ways of being, knowing and doing. Privileging Indigenous knowledges, cultures and voices must be front and centre in developing, designing and implementing policies and programs. The sharing of power, provision of resources, culturally informed reflective policy making, and program design are critical elements. In this paper, we provide a conceptual model of practice, working at the cultural interface where knowledges are valued and innovations can occur. This model of practice is where knowledges and cultures can co-exist, and it could be the answer to Closing the Gap in life expectancy by 2031. Despite a growing willingness and need to consider these models, there remains a deep-seated resistance to identifying and addressing institutional and systemic racism and racist attitudes, including unconscious biases held by individuals. Further, western non-Indigenous worldviews of ways of being, knowing and doing continue to dominate the decisions and actions of governments - and consequentially dominate public health policies and practices. There is an unacceptable standard approach, for and about Indigenous health instead of with Indigenous peoples, resulting in the neglectful dismissal of Indigenous knowledges and Indigenous cultures of ways of being, knowing and doing