Multiple phase transitions in an agent-based evolutionary model with neutral fitness

Null models are crucial for understanding evolutionary processes such as speciation and adaptive radiation. We analyse an agent-based null model, considering a case without selection—neutral evolution—in which organisms are defined only by phenotype. Universal dynamics has previously been demonstrated in a related model on a neutral fitness landscape, showing that this system belongs to the directed percolation (DP) universality class. The traditional null condition of neutral fitness (where fitness is defined as the number of offspring each organism produces) is extended here to include equal probability of death among organisms. We identify two types of phase transition: (i) a non-equilibrium DP transition through generational time (i.e. survival), and (ii) an equilibrium ordinary percolation transition through the phenotype space (based on links between mating organisms). Owing to the dynamical rules of the DP reaction–diffusion process, organisms can only sparsely fill the phenotype space, resulting in significant phenotypic diversity within a cluster of mating organisms. This highlights the necessity of understanding hierarchical evolutionary relationships, rather than merely developing taxonomies based on phenotypic similarity, in order to develop models that can explain phylogenetic patterns found in the fossil record or to make hypotheses for the incomplete fossil record of deep time

Students' epistemological framing in quantum mechanics problem solving

Students' difficulties in quantum mechanics may be the result of unproductive framing and not a fundamental inability to solve the problems or misconceptions about physics content. We observed groups of students solving quantum mechanics problems in an upper-division physics course. Using the lens of epistemological framing, we investigated four frames in our observational data: algorithmic math, conceptual math, algorithmic physics, and conceptual physics. We discuss the characteristics of each frame as well as causes for transitions between different frames, arguing that productive problem solving may occur in any frame as long as students' transition appropriately between frames. Our work extends epistemological framing theory on how students frame discussions in upper-division physics courses.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review -- Physics Education Researc

Analisis Kinerja Guru yang Merangkap sebagai Pengelola Perpustakaan ( Studi Kasus di SMA Negeri 1, 5, 7, dan 8 di Lingkungan Surakarta )

Pengelola Perpustakaan di SMA Negeri 1, 5, 7, dan 8 Surakarta yang mendapat tugas tambahan untuk mengelola perpustakaan sekolah masing-masing. Penelitian dilakukan di Perpustakaan Sekolah SMA Negeri 1, 5, 7, dan 8 di lingkungan Surakarta dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Jumlah informannya sebanyak 5 orang, yang terpilih dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive Sampling. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini bahwa para guru pustakawan di SMA Negeri 1, 5, 7, dan 8 Surakarta merasa terganggu ketika menjalani profesinya sebagai guru dan pengelola perpustakaan. Namun begitu pelaksanaan tugas sebagai guru yang merangkap sebagai pengelola perpustakaan perlu adanya manajemen sumber daya manusia, sehingga dalam menjalankan tugas tidak saling mengganggu satu sama lain, antara lain: pembagian jadwal mengajar dan mengelola perpustakaan

Öğretmen adaylarının algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ile yakın ilişki yaşantıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The study aimed to analyze whether there is a significant relationship between perceived parental attitudes and experiences in close relationships of the individuals in the emerging adulthood period. The study group of this research, which is in the relational screening model, consisted of 272 teacher candidates attending the first, second, third and fourth grades of different departments in the Faculty of Education at a foundation university in Istanbul in the 2018-2019 academic year. Of the students in the study group, 144 (53%) are female and 128 (47%) are male. The study group who participated in the study was formed by using the appropriate sampling method out of the non-random sampling methods. In the collection of the data of the study, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory adapted to Turkish by Sümer (2006) and Perceived Parental Attitudes Scale adapted to Turkish by Dirik, Yorulmaz, and Karancı (2015) were used. The correlations between the variables studied were calculated by the Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation coefficient. As a result of the research, a positive and high-level significant relationship was determined between rejecting maternal attitudes and rejecting paternal attitudes regarding perceived paternal attitudes (r=.736, p<.01). Rejecting maternal attitudes showed a positive and low-level significant relationship with the anxiety subscale of the close relationships scale (r=.181, p<.01). Rejecting father attitudes of the perceived parental attitudes showed a positive and low-level significant relationship with the anxiety subscale of the close relationships scale (r=.174, p<.05). The findings obtained were discussed in line with the literature and recommendations were made.Bu araştırmanın amacı, beliren yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerin algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ile yakın ilişki yaşantıları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde olan bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde farklı bölümlerin birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfa devam eden toplam 272 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan öğrencilerin 1442’ü (%53) kadın 128’i (%47) erkektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu oluşturulurken seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan uygun örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama amacı ile Sümer (2006) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Yakın İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri ve Dirik, Yorulmaz ve Karancı (2015) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarından reddedici anne tutumları, reddedici baba tutumları arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.736, p<.01) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Reddedici anne tutumları ile yakın ilişkiler ölçeğinin kaygı alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü, düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.181, p<.01) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarından reddedici baba tutumları ile yakın ilişkiler ölçeğinin kaygı alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü, düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.174, p<.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın doğrultusunda tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur

Upaya Tutor dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Warga Belajar Paket C di Pkbm Bunga Tanjung Desa Tanjung Rambutan Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar

This study aims to determine tutor efforts in improving the learning motivation of citizens to learn the package C in PKBM Bunga Tanjung Desa Tanjung Rambutan Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar. This research is a qualitative descriptive naturalistic approach.. This research was conducted in PKBM Bunga Tanjung Desa Tanjung Rambutan Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar. The source of the data in this study amounted to 4 people consisting of tutors, managers and citizens learn. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that tutors efforts in improving the learning motivation of citizens to learn the package C in PKBM Bunga Tanjung Desa Tanjung Rambutan Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar quite well, from the indikator (1) The effort of moving the motivation, The efforts made in the move tutor learning motivation of citizens learning package C belongs to the already good enough. Due to the efforts made by the maximum already tutor moves the interest and attention of citizens learning and creating an effective classroom so that citizens learn to feel comfortable following the learning process (2) Efforts Of Hope, Efforts are being made tutor in hopes of giving classified either because tutors formulate learning objectives as specific as possible so that the learners can achieve the expected results. Tutors also provide information which can improve learning motivation of citizens to learn Package C. (3) Efforts incentives, Efforts are being made tutor in the provision of incentives are good enough, because the tutors make efforts so that the learners have progress in learning, as for the efforts made in the provision of incentives which provide feedback on tests, reward and encouragement orally or in writing, commenting on the the results of the work and cooperation among the learners

Measurement Invariance of the Internet Addiction Test Among Hong Kong, Japanese, and Malaysian Adolescents

There has been increased research examining the psychometric properties on the Internet Addiction Test across different ages and populations. This population-based study examined the psychometric properties using Confirmatory Factory Analysis and measurement invariance using Item Response Theory (IRT) of the IAT in adolescents from three Asian countries. In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 2,535 secondary school students (55.91% girls) in Grade 7 to Grade 13 (Mean age = 15.61 years; SD=1.56) from Hong Kong (n=844), Japan (n=744), and Malaysia (n=947) completed a survey on their Internet use that incorporated the IAT scale. A nested hierarchy of hypotheses concerning IAT cross-country invariance was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Replicating past finding in Hong Kong adolescents, the construct of IAT is best represented by a second-order three-factor structure in Malaysian and Japanese adolescents. Configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict factorial invariance was established across the three samples. No cross-country differences on Internet addiction were detected at latent mean level. This study provided empirical support to the IAT as a reliable and factorially stable instrument, and valid to be used across Asian adolescent populations

Microwave-to-optical conversion in a room-temperature 87^{87}Rb vapor with frequency-division multiplexing control

Coherent microwave-to-optical conversion is crucial for transferring quantum information generated in the microwave domain to optical frequencies, where propagation losses can be minimised. Among the various physical platforms that have realized coherent microwave-to-optical transduction, those that use atoms as transducers have shown rapid progress in recent years. In this paper we report an experimental demonstration of coherent microwave-to-optical conversion that maps a microwave signal to a large, tunable 550(30) MHz range of optical frequencies using room-temperature $^{87}$Rb atoms. The inhomogeneous Doppler broadening of the atomic vapor advantageously supports the tunability of an input microwave channel to any optical frequency channel within the Doppler width, along with simultaneous conversion of a multi-channel input microwave field to corresponding optical channels. In addition, we demonstrate phase-correlated amplitude control of select channels, resulting in complete extinction of one of the channels, providing an analog to a frequency domain beam splitter across five orders of magnitude in frequency. With frequency-division multiplexing capability, multi-channel conversion, and amplitude control of frequency channels, neutral atomic systems may be effective quantum processors for quantum information encoded in frequency-bin qubits