938 research outputs found
Electric and hydrogen buses : Shifting from conventionally fuelled cars in the UK
This research was carried out under the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) as part of the ADdressing Valuation of Energy and Nature Together (ADVENT) funded project. Funding was received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M019691/1), United Kingdom and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. The authors would also like to thank Dr Christian Brand, University of Oxford, for giving them access to the Transport Energy and Air Pollution Model UK (TEAM - UK).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Electric and hydrogen rail : Potential contribution to net zero in the UK
Acknowledgements This research was carried out under the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) as part of the ADdressing Valuation of Energy and Nature Together (ADVENT) funded project. Funding was received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M019691/1), United Kingdom and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. The authors would also like to thank Dr Christian Brand, University of Oxford, for giving them access to the Transport Energy and Air Pollution Model (TEAM-UK).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The application of travel demand management initiatives within a university setting
This research was undertaken as part of the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) research programme under the ADdressing Valuation of Energy and Nature Together (ADVENT) project, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M019691/1) United Kingdom. Funding was also received from the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. The authors would like to thank Dr Kate Pangbourne, The University of Leeds, for their detailed and constructive feedback on this paper. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr Alex Douglas for their input in the methodology.Peer reviewedPostprin
The effect of variable labels on deep learning models trained to predict breast density
Purpose: High breast density is associated with reduced efficacy of
mammographic screening and increased risk of developing breast cancer. Accurate
and reliable automated density estimates can be used for direct risk prediction
and passing density related information to further predictive models. Expert
reader assessments of density show a strong relationship to cancer risk but
also inter-reader variation. The effect of label variability on model
performance is important when considering how to utilise automated methods for
both research and clinical purposes. Methods: We utilise subsets of images with
density labels to train a deep transfer learning model which is used to assess
how label variability affects the mapping from representation to prediction. We
then create two end-to-end deep learning models which allow us to investigate
the effect of label variability on the model representation formed. Results: We
show that the trained mappings from representations to labels are altered
considerably by the variability of reader scores. Training on labels with
distribution variation removed causes the Spearman rank correlation
coefficients to rise from to either when
averaging across readers or when averaging across images.
However, when we train different models to investigate the representation
effect we see little difference, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of
and showing no statistically significant
difference in the quality of the model representation with regard to density
prediction. Conclusions: We show that the mapping between representation and
mammographic density prediction is significantly affected by label variability.
However, the effect of the label variability on the model representation is
limited
Japan and the UK : Emission predictions of electric and hydrogen rail to 2050
Acknowledgements This research was carried out under the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) as part of the ADdressing Valuation of Energy and Nature Together (ADVENT) funded project. Funding was received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M019691/1), United Kingdom and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Funding was also received from the Postgraduate Research Grant from University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. This work has also emanated from research supported in part by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under the SFI Strategic Partnership Programme Grant number SFI/15/SPP/E3125. The authors would also like to thank Dr Christian Brand, University of Oxford, for giving them access and guidance regarding the Trans- port Energy and Air Pollution Model (TEAM‐UK).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The influence of baffle fairings on the acoustic performance of rectangular splitter silencers
A numerical model based on the finite element method is developed for a finite length, HVAC splitter silencer. The model includes an arbitrary number of bulk-reacting splitters separated from the airway by a thin perforated metal sheet and accommodates higher order modes in the incident sound field. Each perforated sheet is joined to rigid, impervious, metallic fairing situated at either end of a splitter. The transmission loss for the silencer is quantified by application of the point collocation technique, and predictions are compared to experimental measurements reported in the literature. The splitter fairing is shown to significantly affect silencer performance, especially when higher order incident modes are present. It is concluded that laboratory measurements, and theoretical predictions, that are based on a predominantly plane wave sound source are unlikely to reflect accurately the true performance of an HVAC silencer in a real ducting system
Energy-dependent tunneling from few-electron dynamic quantum dots
We measure the electron escape rate from surface-acoustic-wave dynamic quantum dots (QDs) through a tunnel barrier. Rate equations are used to extract the tunneling rates, which change by an order of magnitude with tunnel-barrier-gate voltage. We find that the tunneling rates depend on the number of electrons in each dynamic QD because of Coulomb energy. By comparing this dependence to a saddle-point-potential model, the addition energies of the second and third electron in each dynamic QD are estimated. The scale (similar to a few meV) is comparable to those in static QDs as expected
Open building for a kaleidoscope of care: a new conceptual approach to open scenario planning
Open scenario planning, in a market such as healthcare infrastructure where change at
every scale is inevitable, provides a significant opportunity. Healthcare, which comprises
a complex mix of people, technology, buildings and other forms of infrastructure, is
facing huge pressures. As such healthcare trusts are looking to make better use of
resources; decrease carbon emissions; and re-think how they can act in a more
sustainable and integrated way. Within the UK National Health Service, “taking care
closer to home” and “saving carbon, improving health” are two of a number of
Department of Health (DH) initiatives to improve healthcare and respond to the need for
sustainable, accessible, efficient and effective services. Furthermore these are also the
drivers for integration between health, social care, local authority, independent and third
sector providers which is creating blurring between spatial scales and roles. Against this
backdrop it is not surprising that the effective life span of buildings is continuing to
shorten, which is significant in a sector that has infrastructure that is one of the most
expensive to operate, maintain and replace. As such the notion of “change ready” is key.
This paper through a state-of-the-art literature review introduces and explores the
potential and conceptual linkage between infrastructure, capacity and scalability within
open building and planning extending (Astley, 2009; Kendall, 2009). The authors’
collaborative and action research has contributed to the development of a new approach
and this research has identified the need for a flexible, dynamic and scenario based
approach to planning that goes beyond estates strategy and beyond master planning
and which precedes open building. The diversity of care pathways across a changing
healthcare planning environments is demonstrated using a case study review, which
raises the importance of a hierarchy of decision making, principles and process within
an open planning approach. This paper further provides a review of existing business
case development processes and capacity planning tools that are prevalent in
healthcare strategic planning and operations management, but not so in adaptability
research. Scalability as a concept that can bridge the healthcare and estates
infrastructure domains is also introduced
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