Visual Outcomes, Efficacy, and Surgical Complications Associated with Intracameral Phenylephrine 1.0%/Ketorolac 0.3% Administered During Cataract Surgery

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare visual outcomes, surgical time, and perioperative surgical complications after intracameral use of either phenylephrine/ketorolac (P/K) or epinephrine (Epi) during cataract surgery.Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective case review of patients undergoing cataract surgery from August to November 2015. Of the 641 eyes of 389 patients who underwent cataract surgery, 260 eyes were administered phenylephrine 1.0%/ketorolac 0.3% and 381 eyes received Epi in the irrigation solution intraoperatively. All patients received a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug regimen (bromfenac 0.07%, nepafenac 0.3%, or ketorolac 0.5%) for 3 days before surgery and topical tropicamide 1.0%, cyclopentolate 1.0%, and phenylephrine 2.5% on the day of surgery.Results: Mean length of surgery (LOS) was 15.4±0.6 minutes. Although a positive correlation was noted between patient age and LOS (p\u3c0.001), P/K was associated with a decrease in the LOS, when controlled for age quartiles. A statistically significant lower incidence of complications (1.1%) was observed with P/K use than Epi (4.5%; p=0.018). Among surgeons who used mydriatic-assist devices more frequently, P/K use was associated with a reduction in the use of these devices (p\u3c0.001). When controlling for age quartile, patients of age groups 69–76 and 76–92 years who received P/K had significantly better uncorrected visual acuity at postoperative day 1 than those receiving Epi (p=0.003).Conclusion: Intracameral use of phenylephrine 1.0%/ketorolac 0.3% during cataract surgery may be effective in maintaining mydriasis. It appears to be superior to intracameral Epi at reducing intraoperative and postoperative complications, need for pupillary dilating devices, and surgical time

Aspects of the color evolution after the imaginal molt of Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Laboratório de Citogenética e Molecular de Insetos Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas – IBILCE Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim NazarethLaboratório de Biologia Celular Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas – IBILCE Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim NazarethLaboratório de Citogenética e Molecular de Insetos Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas – IBILCE Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim NazarethLaboratório de Biologia Celular Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas – IBILCE Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim NazarethFAPESP: 2008/09166-0FAPESP: 2010/16080-5FAPESP: 2011/11064-

Visual outcomes, efficacy, and surgical complications associated with intracameral phenylephrine 1.0%/ketorolac 0.3% administered during cataract surgery

Eric D Rosenberg,1 Alanna S Nattis,2 David Alevi,3 Rachel L Chu,4 Joseph Bacotti,3 Ronald J LoPinto,3 Gerald D’Aversa,3 Eric D Donnenfeld51New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 2Lindenhurst Eye Physicians and Surgeons, Babylon, NY, 3Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Rockville Centre, NY, 4Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 5New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare visual outcomes, surgical time, and perioperative surgical complications after intracameral use of either phenylephrine/ketorolac (P/K) or epinephrine (Epi) during cataract surgery.Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective case review of patients undergoing cataract surgery from August to November 2015. Of the 641 eyes of 389 patients who underwent cataract surgery, 260 eyes were administered phenylephrine 1.0%/ketorolac 0.3% and 381 eyes received Epi in the irrigation solution intraoperatively. All patients received a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug regimen (bromfenac 0.07%, nepafenac 0.3%, or ketorolac 0.5%) for 3 days before surgery and topical tropicamide 1.0%, cyclopentolate 1.0%, and phenylephrine 2.5% on the day of surgery.Results: Mean length of surgery (LOS) was 15.4±0.6 minutes. Although a positive correlation was noted between patient age and LOS (p<0.001), P/K was associated with a decrease in the LOS, when controlled for age quartiles. A statistically significant lower incidence of complications (1.1%) was observed with P/K use than Epi (4.5%; p=0.018). Among surgeons who used mydriatic-assist devices more frequently, P/K use was associated with a reduction in the use of these devices (p<0.001). When controlling for age quartile, patients of age groups 69–76 and 76–92 years who received P/K had significantly better uncorrected visual acuity at postoperative day 1 than those receiving Epi (p=0.003).Conclusion: Intracameral use of phenylephrine 1.0%/ketorolac 0.3% during cataract surgery may be effective in maintaining mydriasis. It appears to be superior to intracameral Epi at reducing intraoperative and postoperative complications, need for pupillary dilating devices, and surgical time. Keywords: cataract surgery, complications, pupillary miosis, phenylephrine, ketorola

Entoepidemiology of Chagas disease in northwest Sao Paulo and cytogenetic analysis of its main vector, Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Triatominae)

One century after the discovery of Chagas disease, it is still considered as a major health problem, causing more deaths in the Americas than any other parasitic disease. The northwest region of Sao Paulo, a macro-region that includes cities with a high-quality of life, has particularly high rates of Chagas disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the number of patients with Chagas disease, and to identify the triatomine fauna in the northwest region of Sao Paulo State, and to cytogenetically analyze Triatoma sordida mutants, thus providing new knowledge to control these species and avoid possible infections by Chagas disease. A total of 700 Chagas patients of both genders and variable age, who were born in and residents of the northwest region of the State of Sao Paulo were recruited for this study. Regarding the entoepidemiological fauna, both T. sordida and Rhodnius neglectus were captured from 2004 to 2011 in the northwest region of the Sao Paulo; however, T. sordida was the predominant species. Some of these collected triatomines were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi in several developmental stages. Furthermore, the lactoacetic orcein method was used for cytogenetic analysis. Several abnormalities were observed during meiosis of the T. sordida mutants, including condensed chromosomes with no chiasma, chromatin bridges between the autosomes, and some non-pairing homologous chromosomes. Thus, our study suggests that Chagas disease is currently not under control in Brazil. Furthermore, we suggest that cryptic speciation may be occurring in populations of T. sordida of Brazil. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms behind these phenomena.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Taxonomic status of Panstrongylus herreri Wygodzinsky, 1948 and the number of Chagas disease vectors

Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Parasitol, Dept Ciencias Biol, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Lab Biol Celular, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Lab Parasitol, Dept Ciencias Biol, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Lab Biol Celular, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazi