Shipping Or Storing A Plastic Milk Jug On Its Side To Contain Leakage

A merchant agent obtains a plastic jug including liquid contents and secures an absorbent material to the cap or rim of the jug using an adhesive material to create a secured plastic jug. The liquid contents of the secured plastic jug may be milk, juice, or other liquid, aqueous solution, colloid solution, beverage, solvent, or chemical. For example, the secured plastic jug comprises a standard jug of milk. The merchant agent may store the secured plastic jug on its side or otherwise ship the secured plastic jug on its side. The merchant agent may ship the secured plastic jug on its side within a cooler with ice or other coolant material. In another example, the merchant agent may store the secured plastic jug on its side within a refrigerator. The secured plastic jug may leak contents of the plastic jug into the absorbent material during storage or shipping; however, the leakage should not penetrate through the adhesive material or otherwise escape to the outside of the secured plastic jug

Identification and machine learning prediction of knee-point and knee-onset in capacity degradation curves of lithium-ion cells

ABSTRACT: High-performance batteries greatly benefit from accurate, early predictions of future capacity loss, to advance the management of the battery and sustain desirable application-specific performance characteristics for as long as possible. Li-ion cells exhibit a slow capacity degradation up to a knee-point, after which the degradation accelerates rapidly until the cell’s End-of-Life. Using capacity degradation data, we propose a robust method to identify the knee-point within capacity fade curves. In a new approach to knee research, we propose the concept ‘knee-onset’, marking the beginning of the nonlinear degradation, and provide a simple and robust identification mechanism for it. We link cycle life, knee-point and knee-onset, where predicting/identifying one promptly reveals the others. On data featuring continuous high C-rate cycling (1C–8C), we show that, on average, the knee-point occurs at 95% capacity under these conditions and the knee-onset at 97.1% capacity, with knee and its onset on average 108 cycles apart. After the critical identification step, we employ machine learning (ML) techniques for early prediction of the knee-point and knee-onset. Our models predict knee-point and knee-onset quantitatively with 9.4% error using only information from the first 50 cycles of the cells’ life. Our models use the knee-point predictions to classify the cells’ expected cycle lives as short, medium or long with 88–90% accuracy using only information from the first 3–5 cycles. Our accuracy levels are on par with existing literature for End-of-Life prediction (requiring information from 100-cycles), nonetheless, we address the more complex problem of knee prediction. All estimations are enriched with confidence/credibility metrics. The uncertainty regarding the ML model’s estimations is quantified through prediction intervals. These yield risk-criteria insurers and manufacturers of energy storage applications can use for battery warranties. Our classification model provides a tool for cell manufacturers to speed up the validation of cell production techniques

Modeling and Simulation of Novel Electric/Hybrid Electric Multicopter Architectures for Urban Air Mobility

Presented at AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum, August 9-11, 2021, VIRTUAL EVENTThis paper introduces a dynamic simulation environment developed for novel multi-copter aircraft architectures. The development is motivated by the need to better understand the safety implications of architectural design choices and to provide a formal reliability assessment framework for new Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) concepts able to consider various airframe and subsystems dynamic behavior. The concepts of interests are different multi-copters configurations investigated by NASA and featuring either electric, hybrid electric, or turboshaft driven powertrains. The simulation environment is a timemarching dynamic simulator formulated using physics-based subsystem models for the batteries, electric motors, turboshaft engines and electric generators. Identified fault modes are integrated into the subsystem models for subsequent use during reliability assessments. The impacts of subsystem faults are propagated to the vehicle flight dynamic response for analysis of their impact on the ability of the vehicle to sustain safe operations. Detailed features of the electric quadrotor model are provided to illustrate the simulation capabilities. Some faults are inserted on the different aircraft in hover and the subsystems behavior is successfully propagated at the vehicle level

Tecnologia e outsourcing: chiavi strategiche in sanità

Può essere la logistica uno strumento efficace ed efficiente in ambito sanitario? Per rispondere a questo quesito occorre verificare la presenza di un modo per coniugare la qualità dei servizi e il problema di contenimento dei costi. Quando si parla di "contenimento dei costi" non si fa riferimento al concetto di spending review, ma a una serie di pratiche gestionali e organizzative che possano conciliare qualità e migliore utilizzo delle risorse

Multiple inverters modulation technique for photovoltaic systems

A novel power converter configuration for high power grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is presented in this paper. It allows increasing the conversion efficiency with respect to a classical solution, based on centralized inverter, in whatever operating condition. In particular, the improvement of efficiency is due to both optimal power sharing algorithm and suitable interleaving modulation technique

Optimal Power Sharing Technique for Multi-Inverter Based PV Systems

A multi-inverter configuration for high power grid-connected photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. A numerical analysis of the power system confirms that the proposed power converter solution, by means of the optimal power sharing algorithm combined to suitable interleaving modulation technique, allows increasing the conversion efficiency with respect to a centralized inverter solution