Relation between graphemes and colours in native speakers of Czech

Práce je rozdělena do tří částí. První část je věnována vymezení synestézie a zhodnocení dosavadního výzkumu synestézie grafémy-barvy. Druhá část představuje shrnutí vlastního výzkumu, který je replikací výzkumu ze studie Julie Simnerové et al. Non-random associations of graphemes to colours in synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic populations. Třetí část obsahuje interpretaci výsledků vlastního výzkumu a jejich srovnání s výsledky získanými na angličtině.The thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, synaesthesia is described and previous research in grapheme-colour synaesthesia is analyzed. The second part introduces an experiment on Czech synaesthetes which is a replication of an experiment described by Julia Simner et al. in Non-random associations of graphemes to colours in synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic populations. The third part is concerned with an interpretation of acquired results and comparison of these results with data from English speaking synaesthetes.Institute of Czech Language and Theory of CommunicationÚstav českého jazyka a teorie komunikaceFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Training in infectious diseases across Europe in 2021 - a survey on training delivery, content and assessment

Objectives: To define the status of infectious diseases (ID) as an approved specialty in Europe; to enumerate the number of specialists (in general and in relation to the overall population) and specialist trainees and describe the content, delivery and evaluation of postgraduate training in ID in different countries.Methods: Structured web-based questionnaire surveys in March 2021 of responsible national authorities, specialist societies and individual country representatives to the Section of Infectious Diseases of the European Union for Medical Specialties. Descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative responses.Results: In responses received from 33/35 (94.3%) countries, ID is recognized as a specialty in 24 and as a subspecialty of general internal medicine (GIM) in eight, but it is not recognized in Spain. The number of ID specialists per country varies from <5 per million inhabitants to 78 per million inhabitants. Median length of training is 5 years (interquartile range 4.0–6.0 years) with variable amounts of preceding and/or concurrent GIM. Only 21.2% of countries (7/33) provide the minimum recommended training of 6 months in microbiology and 30% cover competencies such as palliative care, team working and leadership, audit, and quality control. Training is monitored by personal logbook or e-portfolio in 75.8% (25/33) and assessed by final examinations in 69.7% (23/33) of countries, but yearly reviews with trainees only occur in 54.5% (18/33) of countries.Conclusions: There are substantial gaps in modernization of ID training in many countries to match current European training requirements. Joint training with clinical microbiology (CM) and in multidisciplinary team working should be extended. Training/monitoring trainers should find greater focus, together with regular feedback to trainees within many national training programmes.peer-reviewe

Relation between graphemes and colours in native speakers of Czech

The thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, synaesthesia is described and previous research in grapheme-colour synaesthesia is analyzed. The second part introduces an experiment on Czech synaesthetes which is a replication of an experiment described by Julia Simner et al. in Non-random associations of graphemes to colours in synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic populations. The third part is concerned with an interpretation of acquired results and comparison of these results with data from English speaking synaesthetes

A Comparison of Motivation of the Most Frequent Czech and Swedish Surnames Origin

The diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of motivation and language motivation of Czech and Swedish surnames. In the theoretical part, the current situation and developement of surnames are described and motivation types of bynames which later formed surnames are defined. The practical part of the thesis introduces the method, hypothesis and results of research which was focused on dividing 500 of the most frequent Czech and Swedish surnames into groups according to motivation and language motivation. The most common among Czech surnames are those created from first names and those consisting of nature elements; the most numerous groups among Swedish surnames are composite burgher surnames with natural motifs and patronymical surnames

Prognostic indicators of risk of death and the consequences of purulent meningitis

Purulent meningitis is a life-threatening acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. In preantibiotics period was almost one hundred percent fatality rate of disease, with the discovery of antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice in 30th-50th of the last century has decreased dramatically. In recent decades, despite the use of highly effective antibiotics and intensive care procedures, there was no significant reduction in mortality rate and consequences of the disease. Lethal course of the disease affects 15-30% of patients in adulthood. Although not a common infection diagnosis among the top ten infectious causes of death worldwide. The study was based on evaluation of their own group of patients to determine prognostic factors observed history, course of illness and laboratory characteristics of the clinical outcome of disease in adults

Prognostic indicators of risk of death and the consequences of purulent meningitis

Purulent meningitis is a life-threatening acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. In preantibiotics period was almost one hundred percent fatality rate of disease, with the discovery of antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice in 30th-50th of the last century has decreased dramatically. In recent decades, despite the use of highly effective antibiotics and intensive care procedures, there was no significant reduction in mortality rate and consequences of the disease. Lethal course of the disease affects 15-30% of patients in adulthood. Although not a common infection diagnosis among the top ten infectious causes of death worldwide. The study was based on evaluation of their own group of patients to determine prognostic factors observed history, course of illness and laboratory characteristics of the clinical outcome of disease in adults

Kategoriální normy češtiny pro 12 kategorií / Categorial Norms for 12 Czech Categories

In this paper, we offer an overview of available category norms and of methodology of their creation. In the second part of the paper, category norms for 12 categories in Czech are presented (i.e. an alcoholic beverage, a colour, a crime, a four-legged animal, a fruit, a metal, a part of the human body, a relative, a sport, a type of vehicle, a toy, a weapon). These norms are then analysed in relation with linguistic frequency and token length. The problems of correlating linguistic frequency which is based on corpus data with associative frequency which is based on category norms are discussed. Preliminarily, it seems that the members of more constrained categories are in a closer relation to each other and activate each other more strongly than members of more open categories. This can be explained based on the principles of the Spreading Activation Theory of Semantic Processing (Collins — Loftus, 1975)

Disseminated Pelvic Actinomycosis Caused by Actinomyces Naeslundii

Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by continuous local spread, irrespective of anatomical barriers, and granulomatous suppurative inflammation. Due to its expansive local growth, it can simulate a malignant tumour. Subsequent hematogenous dissemination to distant organs can mimic metastases and further increase suspicion for malignancy. A case of severe disseminated pelvic actinomycosis associated with intrauterine device is described here. The patient presented with a pelvic mass mimicking a tumour, bilateral ureteral obstruction, ascites, multinodular involvement of the liver, lungs and spleen, inferior vena cava thrombosis and extreme cachexia. Actinomycosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy and confirmed by culture of Actinomyces naeslundii from extracted intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Prolonged treatment with aminopenicillin and surgery resulted in recovery with moderate sequelae